贵州不同生态环境对香禾糯稻‘苟当2号’食味品质的影响分析

The Influence of Different Ecological Environment on the Food Quality of Xianghe Glutinous Rice‘Goudang2’

为探究海拔高度对‘苟当2号’食味品质的影响,本研究在贵州省黔东南州从江县选取了5个不同海拔高度(242~857 m)的地点分别种植‘苟当2号’,对影响稻米食味品质的主要生理生化指标进行变异差异及相关性分析。结果表明,‘苟当2号’在5个种植点的直链淀粉含量为1.57%~2.81%之间,蛋白质含量为4.87%~6.15%之间;海拔高度与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关,与蛋白质含量无显著相关性。海拔高度与RVA谱特征值的各项指标均呈显著或极显著相关性,不同海拔的土壤基本成分与稻米食味品质相关性分析结果表明,氮元素含量与蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,与直链淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综上,‘苟当2号’材料在从江地区242~857 m的海拔范围内食味品质随海拔升高而变优,海拔最高的高岭种植点种植所获食味品质最优。通过分析不同海拔‘苟当2号’食味品质的变化情况,了解该品种最适宜种植环境的海拔范围,同时为该品种在不同生态地区的推广种植和水肥管理提供重要理论依据。

In order to explore the influence of different elevation on the quality of cooking and eating,we selected 5 locations with different elevations(242~857 m)in Congjiang,Guizhou Province to plant‘Goudang2',and analyzed the variation and correlation of the main physicochemical indexes affecting the quality of rice cooking and eating.The results of this study showed that the protein content and amylose content of‘Goudang2'ranged from 4.87%~6.15% and 1.57%~2.81% respectively,and the altitude was significantly negatively correlated with protein content and amylose content.Multiple comparisons of RVA spectral characteristic values showed that with increasing altitude,the consistence viscosity decreased.However,the breakdown viscosity initially decreased and then increased with rising altitude,whereas the setback viscosity increased first and then decreased.In addition,the correlation analysis between soil components at different elevations and cooking and eating quality showed that the content of available nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of disintegration value,but increased with the increase of reduction value.With the increase of consistence viscosity and amylose content,the pH value of soil decreased.This study showed that the best cooking and eating quality can be obtained by planting‘Goudang2'at the highest planting point within the altitude range of 242 m to 857 m in Congjiang county.The suitable soil nitrogen application and soil pH value had significant effects on the further improvement of cooking quality.By analyzing the changes of eating quality of'Gudang2'at different elevations,we can understand the altitude range of this variety which is most suitable for planting environment,and provide an important theoretical basis for popularizing planting and water and fertilizer management of this variety in different ecological areas.