猴痘的流行病学特征及预防控制现状

Status of epidemiology and prevention and control of monkeypox

猴痘是一种较为少见的病毒性人畜共患病,既往主要发生在非洲的中部和西部。截止至2023年1月,全球有110个国家报告了约85 000例猴痘病例。猴痘的临床表现为流感样症状、发热、不适、背痛、头痛、斑疹和淋巴结肿大,与天花相似。目前尚无针对猴痘的疫苗和药物,但天花疫苗及几种抗天花病毒药物已被批准用于该病治疗。现对猴痘的病原学、流行病学、临床表现、治疗和防治措施进行综述,讨论近期猴痘暴发的可能原因,为预防和控制猴痘病毒的进一步传播提供依据。

Monkeypox is rare viral zoonotic disease that occurs primarily in Central and West Africa.Till Jan 2023,around 85000 cases of monkeypox have been reported in 110 countries.The clinical manifestations of monkeypox are flu-like symptoms,fever,malaise,back pain,headache,and maculopapular rash,similar to smallpox.There is no specific vaccine or drug for monkeypox,but smallpox vac-cine and several anti-smallpox virus drugs have been approved for treatment.This review provides an introduction to the etiology,epide-miology,clinical manifestations,treatment and control measures of monkeypox,and discusses the possible causes of the current outbreak to provide basic knowledge for the prevention and control of further transmission of monkeypox virus.