2015—2021年湖州市食品中沙门菌污染与分子分型研究

Salmonella contamination and molecular typing in Huzhou from 2015 to 2021

目的了解湖州市市售食品中沙门菌的污染状况,为预防与控制食源性疾病的发生提供依据。方法采集2015—2021年5类1463份样品按照GB 4789.4—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》对沙门菌进行检验,对分离到的沙门菌进行血清分型、抗生素敏感试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型(PFGE)检测,结果用Excel、SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果2015—2021年共检测5类1463份食品样品,检出沙门菌菌株47株,总检出率为3.21%(47/1463)。不同食品类别中生畜肉检出率最高,为6.61%(23/348)。共检出19种血清型的沙门菌,其中优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌。不同食品中检出的沙门菌血清型有差别。对2019—2021年分离到的20株沙门菌进行药敏试验和PFGE检测,结果显示分离株对氨苄西林和四环素耐药性较强,耐药率分别为70%(14/20)和60%(12/20)。分子分型显示,经Xba I酶切后,19株沙门菌产生11个PFGE带型,多态性较高。结论2015—2021年湖州市市售5类食品中均有检出沙门菌,其中两类为即食食品(中式凉拌菜和散装熟肉制品);检出样品的优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌,阳性检出以农贸市场采集样品为主,有潜在的食源性疾病风险,相关部门需加强监督管理。

Objective To understand the pollution status of foodborne pathogens in Huzhou,so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.Methods According to GB 4789.4—2016,1463 samples in 5 food categories were collected from Huzhou City during 2015—2021 for Salmonella monitoring.Serotype,antibiotic sensitivity test and pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)were carried out to isolate Salmonella.The results were analyzed by Excel and SPSS 19.0 software.Results Forty seven Salmonella strains were detected from 1463 samples and the total detection rate was 3.21%.Among all kinds of food,the detection rate of Salmonella in livestock meat was the highest(6.61%,23/348).A total of 19 serotypes of Salmonella were detected,of which the dominant serotype was Salmonella Typhimurium.Salmonella serotypes detected in various kinds foods were different.Twenty strains of Salmonella isolated from 2019 to 2021 were tested for drug sensitivity and PFGE.The results showed that the isolates had strong resistance to AMP and TET,with resistance rates of 70%(14/20)and 60%(12/20)respectively.Molecular typing showed that after Xba I enzyme digestion,19 strains of Salmonella produced 11 PFGE bands with high polymorphism.Conclusion From 2015 to 2021,Salmonella was detected in five types of food sold in Huzhou City,including two types of ready to eat food(Chinese cold dishes and bulk cooked meat products).The dominant serotype was Salmonella Typhimurium.The positive detection was mainly from farm market,which had potential risk of foodborne diseases.The corresponding monitoring and supervision should be paid attention to.