杭州市居民膳食中铝暴露风险评估

Risk assessment of dietary exposure of aluminium in residents of Hangzhou

目的评估杭州市居民膳食中铝的暴露水平及其潜在健康风险。方法利用2015—2021年杭州市食品中食品添加剂铝含量的数据和2015年杭州市居民食物消费量调查数据,采用简单分布评估法计算杭州市居民膳食中铝的暴露水平,进行健康风险评估。结果杭州市居民膳食中铝每周平均暴露量及每周高食物量消费人群暴露量(P95)分别为0.416、1.986 mg/kg·BW,均低于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)制定的每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI,2 mg/kg·BW)。包子、面条、中式糕点、油条、馒头是杭州市居民膳食中铝暴露的主要来源,累计贡献率达到85.9%。如果严格执行食品安全国家标准关于含铝食品添加剂的限量规定,杭州市居民膳食中铝每周平均暴露量和P95暴露量将分别下降88.2%和84.0%。结论目前杭州市居民膳食中铝每周平均暴露量对人群健康造成的风险较低,处于可接受水平。但高食物消费人群每周暴露量(P95暴露量)接近PTWI,其中18岁以下未成年人P95暴露量已超过PTWI,应引起重视,并采取措施以降低铝暴露过量可能带来的健康风险。

Objective To evaluate potential health risk and the dietary exposure of aluminium in residents of Hangzhou.Methods The dietary exposure of aluminium in residents of Hangzhou was calculated by simple distribution assessment method based on the data of aluminium-containing additives from 2015 to 2021 in Hangzhou and the data of food consumption survey in 2015.Results The average weekly and the 95 percentile(P95)exposure were 0.416 and 1.986 mg/kg·BW,which were lower than the tolerable weekly intake(PTWI,2 mg/kg·BW)by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA).Steamed stuffed buns,noodles,Chinese pastry,fried bread stick and steamed buns were the main sources of exposure,accounting for 85.9%of the total exposure.If the national food safety standard on ammonium-containing additives was strictly implemented,the exposure will reduce by 88.2%and 84.0%,respectively.Conclusion The risk of dietary aluminium in residents of Hangzhou was low and acceptable.However,the exposure of high-consumption groups(P95)was close to PTWI,and the P95 exposure of people under 18 had exceeded PTWI which deserves attention.Measures should be taken to reduce the health risks caused by excessive aluminium exposure.