市场手持式接振工具卫生学调查研究

Study on hygienic status of hand-held vibration tools in market

目的调查市场上手持式接振工具参数并分析其特性,为手持式接振工具设计和改进提供参考。方法选择淘宝、京东、阿里巴巴电商平台,调查市场常见的手持式接振工具,根据其物理参数描述其功能,研究分析目前市场手持式接振工具的卫生学情况。结果本次研究共纳入41个品牌、118种手持式接振工具。在功能设计上,81.4%以电动机为动力来源(96种),18.6%以内燃机为动力来源(22种)。功率M(QR)为855(962.5)W,空载转速M(QR)为8000(10400)r/min。手柄形状以圆形和椭圆形为主,材质均为热塑性工程塑料。机身重量M(QR)为1.8(1.5)kg。在职业危害防控设计方面,27.1%有减振设计(32种),28.8%有低音降噪设计(34种),13.6%设计时有考虑了工效学因素(16种),4.2%有噪声等级标识(5种),但均无振动危害警示标识。结论手持式接振工具具有功率和重量大、空载转速快等卫生学特性,建议从材质、手柄等方面加强减振、降噪和工效学设计,规范危害警示与告知等职业危害防控设计,并完善相关参数,以便作业人员选用和防护。

Objective By investigating the design parameters of hand-held vibration tools in market and analyzing their relationship,to provide references and suggestions for design and improvement of hand-held vibration tools.Methods The characteristics of hand-held vibration tools from Taobao,Jingdong,Alibaba e-commerce platforms were collected,and their functions were described according to their physical factors and parameters,so as to study and analyze the hygienic characteristics of hand-held vibration tools in market.Results A total of 118 kinds of hand-held vibration tools were included in this study.In functional design,81.4%tools were powered by electric motors(96 kinds)and 18.6%mowers were powered by internal combustion engines(22 kinds).The median power(interquartile range)was 855(962.5)W,the median no-load speed(interquartile range)was 8000(10400)r/min.The shape of the handles was mainly circle and ellipse,and the materials was thermoplastic engineering.The median body weight(interquartile range)was 1.8(1.5)kg.In terms of occupational hazard prevention and control design,types with vibration reduction and vibration isolation design accounted for 27.1%(32 kinds),28.8%had noise reduction design(34 kinds),13.6%had ergonomics factors design(16 kinds),4.2%had noise level identification(5 kinds),and no vibration value identification in any tools.Conclusion The hand-held vibration tool has the hygienic characteristics of large power and weight,fast no-load speed,etc.It is recommended to strengthen the design of vibration and noise reduction and ergonomics from aspects of material and handle,pay attention to the prevention and control design of occupational hazards such as hazard warning and notification,and improve the relevant parameters for the selection and protection of operators.