中国农村失能老年人口的规模、结构与发展趋势——基于CLHLS数据和第七次全国人口普查数据的研究

Trends in the Sizeand Structure of Disabled Older Adults in Rural China

基于2002~2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)数据和第七次全国人口普查数据对农村老年人口规模、结构和失能率进行分析。农村65岁及以上老年人口规模与比重将分别从2020年的9035.29万人和17.72%增至2035年的12438.23万人和33.14%。受年龄别失能风险降低和老年人口结构老化影响,农村老年人口ADL失能率将从2020年的5.76%降至2035年的4.92%。其中,男、女性老年人口失能率将分别从4.92%、6.55%降至3.79%、5.87%。农村失能老年人口呈现失能重度化和高龄化趋势。农村老年人口总失能率下降主要是年龄别失能风险降低所带来的轻度失能率快速下降的结果;中度失能率略有下降,重度失能率不断上升,中、重度失能率保持在4%左右。研究结论可为提高农村养老服务能力、推动长期护理保险覆盖到农村居民提供数据支撑。

This research projects the population size,structure and disability rate of rural older adults based on the six waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data from 2002 to 2018 and the Seventh National Census data.The result shows that the population size and the proportion of rural people aged 65 and above will increase from 90.35 million and 17.72% in 2020 to 124.38 million and 33.14%in 2035.The ADL disability rate of rural older adults will drop from 5.76%in 2020 to 4.92% in 2035,due to the decline of age-specific disability risk and the ageing population structure.Men's and women's disability rates will drop from 4.92% and 6.55% to 3.79% and 5.87%,respectively.The rural elderly population with disabilties is showing a trend towards severe disability and ageing.The decline in the total disability rate is mainly caused by the rapid decline in the mild disability rate,which was brought about by the reduction in the risk of age-specific disability.The moderate disability rate declined slighily and the severe disability rate continued to rise.The rate of moderate and severe disability are both around 4%.The study provides reliable data for the improvement of rural older care service capabilities and the promotion of long-term care insurance coverage to rural residents.