中国人力资本集聚的空间效应:虹吸还是扩散?

The Spatial Effect of Human Capital Agglomeration in China:Siphon or Diffusion?

建构引入人力资本的Solow经济增长拓展模型,采用中国省域面板数据和铁路运输时间距离权重矩阵,分教育资本和健康资本探讨人力资本集聚对经济增长的空间作用机制,通过考察省域间铁路运输时间距离变化,持续测度两类人力资本集聚对经济增长的空间效应。研究发现,教育资本和健康资本集聚在空间上的主导效应分别为扩散效应和虹吸效应,两类人力资本表现出空间作用机制的异质性;伴随时间距离的增加,两类人力资本的空间效应分别呈现倒U形和U形变化规律;相对于非高铁时期,高铁时期人力资本集聚的空间效应更显著;健康资本投资倾斜与分散是调节东中西部地区经济平衡增长的有效政策工具。因此,人力资本投资要系统考虑时间和空间协调性,适度集中的教育投资是较优的投资方法,健康资本则要选择空间均衡的投资方法。

This article builds the mechanism models of the spatial effect of human capital agglomeration on economic growth in view of education capital and health capital based on the analysis framework of Solow Growth Model.We examine the spatial effect of education capital and health capital accumulation on economic growth through Chinese provincial level panel data and the dynamic change of railway time distance between provinces.The results reveal that the dominant effects of education capital and health capital accumulation in space are the“diffusion effect”and the“siphon effect”respectively,,and the two types of human capital demonstrate spatial heterogeneity.Moreover,with the increase of time distance between two provinces,the two types of human capital show nonlinear spatial patterns of inverted U and positive U respectively.Compared to the non-high-speed railway era,the spatial effect of human capital agglomeration in high-speed railway era is more significant.'While the eastern area can't absorb the education capital diffusion effect of other areas,the central and western areas can benefit from the diffusion effect of education capital from other areas.The tilt and dispersion of health capital investment can be an effective tool to adjust the economic balanced growth of eastern,central,and western areas.Therefore,the study argues that human capital investment should systematically consider the coordination of time and space,moderately concentrated education investment is the best strategy,and health capital should adopt a spatial balance investment strategy.