高速铁路集便器污水节能降耗处理新模式与碳减排潜能

Low-carbon and Consumption-reducing Operation Mode of Waste Collection Toilet in High-speed Railway Stations and Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Potential

为提高高铁集便器污水的去除效率,实现节能降耗的目的,以某高铁污水处理站为研究对象,采用有机物产沼气回收发电-厌氧氨氧化-自养脱氮-热泵热能回收的新型联合工艺处理,通过与传统模式对比在能耗及碳排放量的差异,发现新模式具有显著优势,改造后计算结果显示,高速铁路集便器污水处理系统中能耗、碳排放量分别减少55.3%、60.7%,且其能源自给率、碳中和率分别达到80.5%、53.0%。另外,集便器污水回收的热能与沼气发电能之比为1∶1.3,相较于城市污水,其有机能的回收具有明显价值。高铁集便器污水沼气回收发电-混合污水Anammox自养脱氮-混合污水热泵热能回收的新工艺对于碳排放强度降低60.7%,同时相应节约55.3%的能源,其在能源中和、碳中和方面,带来更好的处理效益,是一项可行的方案。本研究表明,有机能回收-Anammox-热能回收是一种适用于含高氨氮集便器废水的高铁站段污水处理站的新型低能耗、低碳排的处理工艺,可以在全国高铁站推广使用,为后续高铁污水站提标改造工程提供了新的思路。

To improve the removal efficiency of high-speed rail waste collection toilet and realize energy saving and consumption reduction,a new combined process named organic biogas recovery power generation-anammox autotrophic denitrification-heat pump heat energy recovery is adopted with a high-speed rail sewage treatment station taken as the research object.The results of the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the models show significant advantages.The energy consumption and carbon emissions are reduced by 55.3%and 60.7% respectively,and its energy self-sufficiency rate and carbon neutrality rate are reached 80.5% and 53.0% respectively.In addition,the ratio of thermal energy recovered from toilet sewage to biogas power generation energy is 1∶1.3.Compared with urban sewage,the recovery of organic energy has obvious value.This research provides a new idea for the follow-up upgrading and reconstruction projects of high-speed railway sewage stations.