护士代谢综合征现状及其影响因素的多中心横断面研究

A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study on Status and Influencing Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Nurses

目的调查护士群体代谢综合征的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,于2022年1—3月选取福建省、宁夏回族自治区5家公立医院的255名护士进行问卷调查及医学体检(体格测量和实验室检查)。结果护士代谢综合征患病率为13.73%。单因素分析显示,性别、民族、居住地、身体质量指数、科室、轮班工作情况、上班劳动类型、甜食食用频率、水果食用频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,居住地(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.023~0.392)、身体质量指数(OR=25.823,95%CI:0.009~0.163)、轮班工作情况(OR=3.017,95%CI:0.043~2.583)、甜食食用频率(OR=1.318,95%CI:0.113~15.399)是护士代谢综合征的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论护士代谢综合征的患病率处于中等水平,管理者应关注超重肥胖、喜甜食、西北地区的群体,采用合理的排班方式,不定期开展职业健康讲座,提高护士自我健康管理意识,改善饮食习惯,鼓励适当的体育锻炼,从而降低代谢综合征的发生。

Objective To investigate the status of metabolic syndrome among nurses and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey of 255 nurses from 5 public hospitals in Fujian Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was conducted by convenience sampling method from January to March 2022 for questionnaire survey and medical examination(physical measurement and laboratory examination).Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among nurses was 13.73%.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in gender,nationality,place of residence,body mass index,department,type of work,labor type,frequency of sweets and fruits(P<0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that residence(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.023-0.392),body mass index(OR=25.823,95%CI:0.009-0.163),night shift(OR=3.017,95%CI:0.043-2.583)and sweets consumption frequency(OR=1.318,95%CI:0.113-15.399)were independent influencing factors of nurses’metabolic syndrome(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among nurses is in a medium.Managers should pay attention to the overweight,obese,sweet eaters and people in Northwest China,adopt a reasonable shift arrangement,hold irregular occupational health lectures,improve nurses’awareness of self-health management,improve their eating habits,and encourage appropriate physical exercise,so as to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome.