声乐生颞下颌关节紊乱病问卷调查及危险因素分析

Questionnaire survey and risk factor analysis of temporomandibular joint disorders among vocal students

目的 对声乐生进行颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders, TMD)问卷调查,探讨声乐生TMD患病率及相关危险因素。方法 随机选取407名声乐生了解专业年限、每周练习时长;填写Fonseca记忆指数问卷(Fonseca anamnestic index, FAI)评估TMD患病情况及严重程度;填写患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire-4,PHQ-4)焦虑和抑郁的超简筛查量表,评估其心理健康状况。应用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析,研究声乐生患TMD与其性别、年龄、专业年限、每周练习时长、心理健康状况之间的关系。结果 声乐生TMD患病率为56.8%。专业年限与声乐生TMD患病率无统计学关系,女性、年龄偏小、每周练习时间长、心理健康状况不佳与TMD发病密切相关。结论 TMD在声乐生中患病率高,危害性大,严重影响声乐生的职业生涯,需要引起高度重视。FAI作为一种TMD筛查工具,对TMD的早期诊断具有重要意义。有必要对声乐生进行纵向研究,以跟踪TMD患病率和TMD患者的医疗保健需求。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of temporomandibular disorders(TMD)in vocal students with questionnaire survey.Methods A total of 407 vocal students were randomly selected,and their years of professional training and weekly practice hours were asked about.Fonseca anamnestic index(FAI)was used to diagnose vocal students to evaluate the prevalence and severity of TMD.The PHQ-4(patient health questionaire-4,PHQ-4)was filled out to evaluate their psychological condition.SPSS 26.0 chi-square test and Logistic binary regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between TMD and gender,age,profes-sional years,weekly practice time and mental health status.Results The prevalence of TMD in vocal students was 56.8%.There was no statistically significant correlation between the years of professional training and the prevalence of TMD.Female,younger age,longer practice time,and poor mental health were closely related to the incidence of TMD.Conclusion Temporomandibular joint disorder has a high prevalence and causes great harm in vocal students,which seriously affects their career,so it needs to be paid more attention to.As a TMD screening tool,FAI is of great significance for the early diagnosis of TMD.It is necessary to conduct a longitudinal study on vocal students to track the prevalence of TMD and health care needs of TMD patients.