摘要
2019年底新冠疫情的爆发,给人们的工作生活带来了前所未有的冲击,以外卖为代表的互联网零工经济平台对于确保人民生活质量起到了重要作用。为了减少上门配送带来的直接接触,防止疫情扩散,2020年2月6日商务部联合国家卫生健康委员会针对餐饮行业出台了“无接触配送”防控政策。外卖骑手一方面需要稳定输出其劳动生产率,以缓解自身的生存压力;另一方面还需要严格遵守防控政策,避免在配送过程中病毒的传播。本文基于饿了么平台的外卖数据,结合国家卫生健康委员会公布的疫情数据,首先,研究了新冠疫情的严重程度对外卖骑手劳动生产率(配送业绩、产能利用率和配送质量)的影响;其次,本文还探讨了政府推行的“无接触配送”政策是否会缓解新冠疫情对外卖骑手劳动生产率的冲击,以及这种影响随疫情发展的动态变化。研究结果表明,新冠疫情的严重程度会显著负向影响骑手的配送业绩和产能利用率,但是并不会显著影响配送质量。此外,本文发现,“无接触配送”政策会加重疫情对配送业绩的冲击,并且随着疫情逐步得到控制,这种负向影响会越来越大。本文通过对新冠疫情背景下外卖配送问题的探讨,弥补了对重大突发公共卫生事件下零工经济研究的不足,并且为外卖平台和相关政策制定者的应对策略提供了建议。
The Covid-19 outbreak continues on a large scale around the world,bringing unprecedented impact to people's work and life.In order to reduce the direct contact caused by door-to-door delivery and prevent the spread of the epidemic,on February 6,2020,the Ministry of Commerce and the National Health Commission jointly issued a contactless delivery prevention policy for the catering industry.On the one hand,food deliveryman need to stably output their labor productivity to relieve their own survival pressure;on the other hand,they also need to strictly abide by the prevention and control policy to avoid the spread of the virus during the delivery process.Based on the data from the Ele.me platform and the epidemic data released by the National Health Commission,the impact of the severity of the Covid-19 on the labor productivity of delivery man(delivery performance,capacity utilization,and delivery quality)of food deliveryman is studied;in addition,whether the contactless delivery policy will mitigate the impact of on the labor productivity of the delivery man,and the dynamics of this impact are examined.After that,the moderating effect of workday and experience of delivery man are explored,and some robustness tests are done to increase the reliability of the results.The result show that:First,the severity of the Covid-19 significantly negatively affect delivery performance and capacity utilization,but not significantly affect the quality of delivery;in addition,it is found that the contactless delivery policy will aggravate the impact of the Covid-19 on delivery performance,and as the epidemic is gradually under control,this negative impact become greater.However,the moderate effect of the contactless delivery policy on the relationship between the severity of the Covid-19 and capacity utilization of delivery man varies in different period.Specifically,when the epidemic is serious,the policy alleviate the negative impact of Covid-19 on capacity utilization,but when the epidemic is gradually under control,the policy aggravate the impact,as epidemic enter a stable period,the moderate effect of the policy is no longer significant.Finally,in hoc-analysis,it is found that the workday aggravates the impact of the Covid-19 on delivery performance,and rich experience of delivery man alleviates the impact of the Covid-19 on capacity utilization.By discussing on-demand delivery issues in the context of Covid-19,the lack of research on on-demand services under major public health emergencies is made up for,and suggestions for on-demand delivery platforms and relevant policy makers on coping strategies are provided.
作者
刘子龙
李晓涵
唐加福
LIU Zi-Long;LI Xiao-Han;TANG Jia-Fu(Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116025,China)
出处
《中国管理科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期81-91,共11页
Chinese Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助重点项目(71831003)
国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(71771040)。