长春地区潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类的初步调查

Preliminary Investigation of Parasitoids Reared from Leafminer Flies in Changchun Area

潜叶蝇是长春地区重要的蔬菜和花卉害虫,寄生蜂被认为是潜叶蝇最有效的天敌,但其种类组成一直未被研究。通过采集被潜叶蝇寄生的寄主植物,带回饲养,成蜂羽化后进行形态学鉴定,研究长春地区潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类。结果表明:在2017年和2018年从被潜叶蝇为害蔬菜、花卉和杂草等寄主植物上共育出2388头膜翅目标本,共有4科13属18种。其中姬小蜂科数最为丰富(94.56%),其次为金小蜂科(3.27%),茧蜂科(1.80%),隆盾瘿蜂科(0.38%)。姬小蜂科的多样性指数高于金小蜂科,但金小蜂科的均匀性指数高于姬小蜂科。优势种为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea(Walker),占总个体数的64.78%,其次为芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(4.48%)和白柄潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus albiscapus(Walker)(4.36%)。在刺儿菜、飞廉和蒲公英3种杂草上育出寄生蜂占总个体数>60%。综上,可明确长春地区的潜叶蝇寄生蜂的组成和优势种,为潜叶蝇的生物防治提供重要指导。

Leafminer flies are the most important pests of vegetables and flowers in Changchun area.Parasitoids are considered to be the most effective natural enemies of leafminer flies,but they have never been investigated for species composition.By collecting host plants parasitized by leafminer flies and bringing them back to the laboratory for rearing until the emergence of parasitoids for identi⁃fication,the species of parasitoids of leafminer flies in Changchun area were studied.The results showed that the 2388 Hymenoptera specimens were reared from the leafminers infesting vegetables,flowers and weeds in 2017 and 2018.In total 4 families,13 genera,and 18 species,Eulophidae was the most abundant family(94.56%),followed by Pteromalidae(3.27%),Braconidae(1.80%),and Eu⁃coilidae(0.38%).The diversity index of the Eulophidae was higher than that of Pteromalidae,but evenness index of the Pteromalidae was higher than that of Eulophidae.The dominant species of the parasitoids of leafminer flies were Diglyphus isaea(Walker)(64.78%),followed by Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(4.48%),and Diglyphus albiscapus(Walker)(4.36%).More than 60%of parasit⁃oids were reared from 3 plant species:Cirsium japonicum,Carduus crispus and Taraxacum mongoli⁃cum.The objective of this study was to identify composition and dominant species of the parasitoids of leafminer flies in Changchun area,which will provide important guidance for the biocontrol of leafminer flies.