秸秆腐解及其热转化产物对黑土的培肥效果

Effects of Stover Decomposition and Thermal Conversion Products on Fertility Improvement of Black Soil

为研究秸秆腐解及其热转化产物对黑土的培肥效果,解决黑土肥力下降和秸秆热转化产物未能合理利用的问题。通过连续2年的盆栽试验,设置对照(ck)、玉米秸秆(CS)、腐熟秸秆(HCS)、生物炭(BC)、玉米秸秆灰(ASH)、玉米秸秆粗灰渣(CHZ)和玉米秸秆细灰渣(XHZ)与黑土混合7个处理,研究秸秆腐解及其热转化产物对土壤养分、土壤有机碳(SOC)、腐殖质组成以及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:与ck相比,BC处理显著降低了土壤紧实度,提高了土壤养分含量和作物产量,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别比ck增加了12.99%~16.49%、32.80%~38.37%和26.04%~34.78%,盆栽试验第2年,与其他处理相比,BC和ASH处理土壤养分增加幅度最大,且BC处理提升作物产量作用最大;BC处理也显著增加了土壤SOC及其腐殖质组分胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(HM)含量,提高了PQ值(HA在可提取腐殖质中所占的比例),BC处理增加SOC幅度最大,2019年和2020年分别比ck处理增加了22.08%和22.51%,其次是ASH处理,分别比ck增加了17.10%和18.18%。综合来看,BC处理是短期内提高土壤肥力的最佳选择,而长期效应还需要在田间开展长久、深入的试验研究。

The experiment is designed to study the effects of stover decomposition and its thermal transformation products on black soil fertility,and solve the problem of black soil fertility decline and unreasonable utilization of stover thermal transformation products.Seven treatments including control(ck),corn stover(CS),humified corn stover(HCS),biochar(BC),corn stover ash(ASH),corn stover coarse ash(CHZ)and corn stover fine ash(XHZ)mixed with black soil were set up through two consecutive years of pot experiment.The effects of stover decomposition and its thermal transfor⁃mation products on soil nutrients,soil organic carbon(SOC),humus composition and corn yield were studied.The results showed that:compared with ck,BC treatment significantly reduced soil compac⁃tion,increased soil nutrient content and crop yield,and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phos⁃phorus and available potassium increased by 12.99%-16.49%,32.80%-38.37%and 26.04%-34.78%,respectively,compared with ck.In the second year of pot experiment,compared with other treatments,BC and ASH treatments had the greatest increase in soil nutrients,and BC treatment had the greatest effect on improving crop yield.BC treatment also significantly increased the content of soil SOC and humic acid(HA)and humin(HM),and increased PQ value(the radio of HA proportion in ex-tractable humus),BC treatment increased SOC the most,22.08%and 22.51%higher than ck treatment,followed by ASH treatment,which increased 17.10%and 18.18%compared to ck.In sum⁃mary,BC treatment is the best choice to improve soil fertility in the short term,but the long-term ef⁃fects need to be studied further in the field.