空间交互视角下长株潭城市群地区城乡融合度评价及其驱动机制

The evaluation of urban-rural integration degree and its driving mechanism in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration from the perspective of spatial interaction

城市群地区日益成为率先推进城乡融合发展的优势区域。科学认知城市群地区城乡融合发展现状及其驱动机制,对分区分类分阶段调控城市群城乡发展方向具有重要意义。在解析城市群地区城乡空间交互内涵及融合发展过程的基础上,引入“城乡融合度”概念。以人-地-业子系统切入,综合运用城乡发展状态评估概念模型、城乡融合度模型与地理探测器等方法对2005—2021年长株潭城市群地区城乡融合度进行动态评价与驱动机制分析。结果表明:(1)时空视角下的城市群地区城乡地域系统融合发展可分为4个时期、两大阶段,城市群空间效应由集聚效应绝对主导转为集聚-扩散效应协同并重。(2)近17年长株潭城市群人口及土地城镇偏移性、产业乡村偏移性相对提升,市辖区城镇偏向度与区域协调度较高,城市群城市性指数提升近2.4倍,而乡村性指数下降40%。(3)近17年长株潭城市群县域内部城-乡空间交互呈现“双核→多核”的强联系格局变化,乡-城空间交互基本保持“多核分散”的强联系格局,而县域之间的城乡空间交互联系逐渐增强。城市群整体从低度融合进入中度融合发展阶段,并呈现由极核为中心的圈层式格局向以轴带为对称的梯度式空间格局变化。(4)城市群地区城乡融合发展程度是其城乡空间内生发展与城乡空间交互融合双动力源、自然环境与人文社会多因素综合作用的结果。

Urban agglomerations are increasingly becoming the dominant regions that take the lead in urban-rural integration development.Scientific understanding of the status quo and driving mechanism of urban-rural integration development in urban agglomerations is of great significance to the regulation of urban-rural development direction in urban agglomerations by regions,classifications and stages.On the basis of analyzing urban and rural spatial interaction connotation and integration development process in urban agglomerations,the concept of"urban-rural integration degree"is introduced.The concept model of urban-rural development status evaluation,urban-rural integration degree model and geographic detector are used to conduct dynamic evaluation and driving mechanism analysis of urban-rural integration degree in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2021,starting from the human land industry subsystem.The results show that:(1)The integration development of urban and rural regional systems in the urban agglomeration can be divided into four periods and two stages from the perspective of time and space,and the spatial effect of urban agglomerations has changed from the absolute dominance of agglomeration effect to the coordination of agglomeration diffusion effect.(2)In recent 17 years,the population and land urban deviation and industrial rural deviation of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration have been enhanced,and the urban deviation and regional coordination of the municipal districts are high.The urban index of the urban agglomeration has increased by nearly 2.4 times,while the rural index has decreased by 40%.(3)In recent 17 years,the urban-rural space interaction within the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration at county level has presented a strong pattern of“dual core→multi-core”,while the urban-rural space interaction basically maintains a stable pattern of“multi-core decentralization”,the urban-rural space interaction between counties has gradually strengthened,and the overall urban agglomeration has moved from a low level of integration to a medium level of integration and development.The spatial pattern has changed from the polar core centered circle pattern to the axial belt symmetrical gradient pattern.(4)The urban-rural integration degree of urban agglomerations is the result of the dual power sources,and the combined effect of natural environment and human social factors.