氧化铝陶瓷闪烧工艺的研究进展

ResearchProgr s in Flash Sintering Technology of Alumina CeramiC

氧化铝陶瓷具有硬度高、耐磨性能好、耐高温和优良的化学稳定性等特质特性。烧结是实现氧化铝陶瓷上述应用和特质特性的关键技术,常压烧结是氧化铝陶瓷的传统烧结工艺,但其缺点也越来越明显,如烧结温度高、烧结时间长、致密度低、晶粒异向生长或异常长大、显微组织粗化和力学性能降低等,严重阻碍了其进一步的发展。因此,从材料性能、环境及经济等方面考虑,降低氧化铝陶瓷烧结温度、缩短烧结时间、提高致密性、保持或提高性能成为亟须解决的课题。近年来,相继提出了热压烧结、热等静压烧结、微波烧结、微波等离子烧结、放电等离子烧结和闪烧等烧结工艺来解决上述问题。其中闪烧工艺具有烧结温度低、烧结时间短、晶粒细小甚至纳米化的微观组织等优势,是一种使氧化铝陶瓷致密化的非常有前途的烧结工艺。因此,闪烧工艺有望解决氧化铝陶瓷材料传统烧结工艺中存在的问题。本文综述了氧化铝陶瓷闪烧工艺自2010年报道以来的相关实验和理论研究进展,包括闪烧工艺的原理、实验平台的搭建、工艺参数对氧化铝陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响。阐述了闪烧工艺的烧结机理,当前存在的主要难点和挑战,并对闪烧工艺前景进行了展望。

Alumina ceramics exhibit unique properties such as high hardness,good wear resistance,high temperature resistance and excellent chemical stability.Sintering is a key technology to realize the above applications and characteristics of alumina ceramics.Atmospheric pressure sintering is the traditional sintering process of alumina ceramics,but its disadvantages are more and more obvious,such as high sintering temperature,long sintering time,low density,abnormal grain growth or abnormal growth,coarse microstructure and mechanical properties reduction,which its further development is seriously hindered.Therefore,from the aspects of material performance,environment and economy,reducing sintering temperature,shortening sintering time,enhancing densification retention or improving performance of alumina ceramics have become an urgent problem to be solved.In recent years,hot pressing sintering,hot isostatic pressing sintering,microwave sintering,microwave plasma sintering,discharge plasma sintering and flash sintering processes have been put forward to solve the above problems.Flash sintering process has the advantages of low sintering temperature,short sintering time,small grain size and even nanometer microstructure,which is a very promising sintering process for densification of alumina ceramics.Therefore,the flash sintering technology is expected to solve the problems existing in the traditional sintering process of alumina ceramics.In this paper,the related experimental and theoretical research progress of the flash sintering process of alumina ceramics since 2010 is reviewed,the effects of flash sintering principle,experimental platform,process parameters on microstructure and properties were investigated.The sintering mechanism of flash sintering process is expounded,the challenges and main difficulties of flash sintering techniques are discussed,the prospect of research on flash sintering process is prospected.