文化遗产保护以人为本:意涵、目的及路径——遗产多重价值的实现与转化

Implications,Goals and Paths of People-oriented Cultural Heritage Protection:Realization and Transformation of Multiple Values of Cultural Heritage

文化遗产保护以人为本在意涵上要从两个方面深化思想认识,丰富人与遗产关系的内涵。一是从主体(人)到客体(文化遗产),做到人正确对待遗产,包括理性认识接受遗产、积极保护传承遗产、努力发展创造遗产三个维度;二是从客体到主体,实现遗产为人服务,服务人的素养提升、文化生活、精神需求。基于文化遗产文化性、聚合性、创新性等鲜明属性和经济社会发展战略需要对人所提出的目标要求,以及人对美好生活的向往,文化遗产保护以人为本的目的主要是坚定文化自信、筑牢共同体意识、增强创新能力、提升幸福指数。而要真正做到、做好文化遗产保护以人为本,首先必须重构文化遗产不断满足人民群众多样化、多层次、多方面需求的社会功能,努力兑现文化遗产的文化、经济、社会等多重价值,同时还要通过转变思想观念、加强文化创意、广泛运用新科技等方法、渠道和平台,推动文化遗产内涵活化和向文化资产、文化资本转化。

Since the mid-197os,in the international heritage field,the ideas and practices about heritage protection has changed from being object-oriented to people-oriented.As the value of cultural heritage which serves the development of modern economy and society becomes increasingly prominent,cultural heritage protection in China also entered a new era with its focus on people.Attention has been continuously paid to the value and significance of heritage for people during the practices in heritage protection,including protection of major heritage sites,heritage corridors,and famous historical and cultural cities.Emphasis of heritage protection has been put on serving people's demand for survival and development.Based on the value and significance of cultural heritage for the development of modern economy and society,this study explores the implications and goals of and the path to people-oriented cultural heritage protection in a new era.As to the implications of people-oriented cultural heritage protection,we need to deepen our understanding in two directions to enrich the relation between people and heritage.The first direction is from actor(people)to object(cultural heritage).People should treat heritage properly,including recognizing and accepting heritage in a rational manner,actively protecting and preserve heritage,and endeavoring to develop and create heritage.The second direction is from object to actor.Heritage should serve people and meet people's demand for education,cultural,and mental wellbeing.Based on the prominent features including cultural attributes,effect on the solidarity of people,and creativity of cultural heritage,the targets and requirements set for the people in the strategy for the development of economy and society,and people's longing for a better life,the goals for cultural heritage protection mainly are to establish strong cultural confidence and sense of community,grow the capabilities to innovate,and increase happiness index among the people.To achieve people-oriented cultural heritage protection,and to deliver excellent people-oriented cultural heritage protection,firstly,the societal functions of cultural heritage,that is,continuously meeting people's diversified,multiple-leveled and multiple-faceted demand must be restructured.Efforts should be made to realize the values cultural heritage has in culture,economy,and society.At the same time,by changing people's mindset,increasing innovative cultural ideas,widely applying new sciences and technologies,using various methods,channels,and platforms,the activation of the implications of cultural heritage should be promoted,and the transformation of the implications of cultural heritage into cultural assets and capital should also be promoted.This study to a certain extent revealed the intrinsic logic between cultural heritage,people,and heritage site,and linked core implications of cultural heritage protection,which is people-oriented,with people's survival and development and the development of local economy and society.It deepened the basic implications of cultural heritage protection and development,and established a primary theoretical framework for people-oriented cultural heritage protection in a new era.Moreover,it proposed a path to and measures for people-oriented cultural heritage protection.