鼠疫自然疫源地内喜马拉雅旱獭对不同饵料的选择性试验观察

Experimental observation on the selectivity of Marmota himalayana to different baits in natural focus of plague

目的 通过分析喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)对不同饵料的喜食性,为新型灭獭药物D型肉毒毒素毒饵饵料的配制提供科学依据。方法 在疫源地观察确定有獭洞穴10个,每洞穴间隔100 m,每5个洞穴为1组,分为2组。布旗做好标记,在每洞穴口放置饵料梨、苹果、面包、红萝卜各250 g, 12 h观察1次,并将剩余饵料称重后收回添加新饵料,连续观察10 d。结果 喜马拉雅旱獭对人工投放的饵料有喜食性和选择性,面包饵料的摄食量最高,平均每日摄食量为201 g,其次为苹果96 g、梨72.5 g、红萝卜22.5 g。结论 野生喜马拉雅旱獭不仅喜食晨露绿色植物的嫩尖,也喜食人工投放食物,食性有所改变并不单一。饵料面包可作为D型肉毒毒素毒饵配制,为下一步野外新型灭獭药物D型肉毒毒素毒饵饵料的配制提供基础依据。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for the preparation of botulinum toxin D,a new anti-otter drug, by analyzing the appetite of Marmota himalayana to different baits.Methods Ten Marmota burrows were observed in the foci, each burrow was 100 meters apart, and every five burrows were divided into two groups.Pears, apples, bread, and carrots, each 250 g, were placed as bait at the mouth of each burrow, and flag to mark.The baits were observed every 12 hours, and the remaining baits were weighed and returned to add new baits.The baits were observed continuously for 10 days.Results Marmota himalayana showed preference and selectivity to the artificially released bait.The food intake of bread was the highest with an average daily intake of 201 g, followed by 96 g of apple, 72.5 g of pear, and 22.5 g of carrot.Conclusion Wild Marmota himalayana prefers to feed not only on the green tips of morning dew plants but also on artificially released bait, food change is not single.The bait of bread can be used as type D botulinum toxin bait to provide the basis for the preparation of new type D botulinum toxin bait in the field.