2020年黑龙江省肝吸虫感染状况分析

Analysis of Paragonimus hepatica infection in Heilongjiang Province in 2020

目的 了解2020年黑龙江省肝吸虫感染情况和特点,为制订防控策略提供科学依据。方法 2020年7-12月,按照《全国肝吸虫病监测实施方案》要求,对全省6个肝吸虫病固定监测点和16个肝吸虫病流动监测点的95个行政村(社区)开展监测,每个行政村(社区)整群抽取3周岁以上居民(>200人)开展病原学检测,采集监测对象粪便样本(>30 g),采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪两检)检测肝吸虫卵并计数。统计分析肝吸虫人群感染率、感染程度,对肝吸虫感染的人群分布(性别、年龄、文化程度、职业)差异进行χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 共检测19 194人,检出肝吸虫感染者331例,感染率为1.72%。感染轻、中、重度构成比分别为89.12%、9.97%和0.90%。肝吸虫感染率男性(2.17%)高于女性(1.27%),性别差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.887,P<0.05);40-<50岁年龄组感染率最高(2.89%),年龄差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=93.557,P<0.05);大专文化程度人群感染率最高(3.29%),文化程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=60.889,P<0.05);工人感染率最高(5.93%),职业差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=81.671,P<0.05)。结论 2020年黑龙江省肝吸虫感染人群呈现性别、年龄、文化程度、职业的差异,青壮年男性是防治的重点人群,应实施以健康教育为先导,以控制传染源为主的综合防治策略。

Objective To understand the infection situation and characteristics of Paragonimus hepaticain Heilongjiang Province in 2020,and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods From July to December 2020,95 administrative villages(communities) in 6 fixed monitoring points and 16 mobile monitoring points of Paragonimus hepatica were monitored according to the National Implementation Plan for Monitoring of Paragonimus Hepatica.No less than 200 residents over the age of 3 were selected from each administrative village(community) for etiological testing, and fecal samples(>30 g).The eggs of Paragonimus hepatica were detected and counted by the modified Kato thick smear method(one fecal test and two fecal tests).The infection rate and degree of Paragonimus hepatica population were statistically analyzed, and the differences in the distribution of Paragonimus hepatica infection population(gender, age, education level and occupation) were analyzed χ~2 test, with P<0.05 as the difference was statistically significant.Results A total of 19 194 people were detected, 331 cases of Paragonimus hepatica infection were detected, and the infection rate was 1.72%.The constituent ratios of mild, moderate and severe infection were 89.12%,9.97% and 0.90% respectively.The infection rate of Paragonimus hepatica in men(2.17%) was higher than that in women(1.27%)(χ^(2)=22.887,P<0.05).The infection rate of 40-<50 years old group was the highest(2.89%),and the age difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=93.557,P<0.05).The infection rate of people with college education was the highest(3.29%),and the difference of education level was statistically significant(χ^(2)=60.889,P<0.05).The infection rate of workers was the highest(5.93%),and the occupational difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=81.671,P<0.05).Conclusion There are differences in sex, age, educational level and occupation among the populations infected with Paragonimus hepatica in Heilongjiang Province in 2020.Young and middle-aged men are the key infected population.A comprehensive prevention and control strategy should be implemented with health education as the guide and the control of infectious sources as the main strategy.