祭文与近世东亚中华文化圈的演进

The Evolution of Chinese Cultural Circle in East Asia in Recent Hundreds of Years:Seen from Memorial Ceremonies

中国祭文历史传统悠久,其代表着中国国家礼仪的发展历程,以及反映士人、民众对待生死离合时的思想感情,是礼俗文化的文字载体。与中国明清时期同时的东亚各国,在迎来近代历史的曙光前,不同程度地吸纳中国汉文祭文的书写和应用方式,并将其融入各自的文化之中。通过他们的祭文,或可看到继承和发扬自中国礼制的精神,或可传达出其自身的思想路径、人际关系和风俗本土化等趋势。根据朝鲜、日本、越南等地的不同情况,祭文也反映出独特的形态,通过对这些文本之特殊性、普遍性的解读,可以管窥东亚近世中华文化圈生态的面貌与走向。

Chinese sacrificial rites have a long history and tradition.They represent the development of Chinese national etiquette and reflect the thoughts and feelings of scholars and people when they treat life and death separation.They are the literal carrier of etiquette and custom culture.At the same time,during China's Ming and Qing Dynasties,East Asian countries,before the dawn of modern history,absorbed the writing and application methods of Chinese sacrificial rites at different degrees,and integrated them into their respective cultures.Through their funeral oration,we can see the spirit of inheriting and carrying forward the Chinese ritual system,or convey their own ideological path,interpersonal relationship and the localization of customs.According to the different situations in Korea,Japan,Vietnam and other places,the memorial ceremories also reflect unique forms.When the particularity is transformed into a whole universality,we can have a glimpse of the ecological features and trend of the Chinese cultural circle in East Asia in the modern times.