记忆建构与元小说——玛丽亚·斯捷潘诺娃《记忆记忆》的元小说叙事

Memory Construction and Metafiction——The Metafictional Narrative of Maria Stepanova's In Memory of Memory

在斯捷潘诺娃的小说中对记忆真实性的质疑是贯穿小说的核心主题,其本质是述真性问题。当这一问题在文本中被讨论时,小说便成了一部元小说。作者选择元小说叙事模式的主要原因在于记忆与元小说都具有自我反涉性质。在表达创伤记忆与历史伤痕的过程中,记忆的特殊性、自反性使得创作过程暴露出来,文字化的视觉图像不断拓展表达边界,反思性质的材料与文字使得《记忆记忆》这部小说成为充满批判性与自我意识的混合物。本文考察了斯捷潘诺娃的小说中记忆理论与小说文本结构的选择,分析了文本的媒介间性与跨层叙事特点,剖析了后记忆理论下视觉图像媒介信息化特性,阐释了对记忆建构的质疑、戏仿与元小说诞生的关系。

In Stepanova's novel,the questioning of the authenticity of memory is the central theme running through the novel,the essence of which is a question of narratological truth-telling,and when this question is discussed in the text,the novel becomes a meta-fiction.An important reason for the author's choice of the metafictional narrative mode is the self-referential nature of both memory and metafiction.In the process of expressing traumatic memories and historical scars,the specificity and self-reflexivity of memory expose the creative process.The literalized visual images constantly expand and express the boundaries,and the materials and words full of reflective nature make the novel In Memory of Memory a mixture of criticalness and self-awareness.This paper examines the relationship between memory theory and the structure of fictional texts in Stepanova's novels,analyzes the cross-media narrative and cross-layered narratives characteristics of the texts,dissects the informational characteristics of the visual image medium under post-memory theory,and tries to demonstrate the relationship between questioning of the possibility of memory construction and the birth of a metafiction.