纳博科夫作品中的“游戏”元素探究

On the"Play"Element in Vladimir Nabokov's Works

“游戏”是纳博科夫作品中的重要元素。纳博科夫的“游戏”是广义的概念,在其作品当中呈现出多层次的意义指向,既包括无目的性的自由游戏和竞争性的有规则的比赛,又包含世间万物的运行和行动,亦涵盖艺术的范畴。本论文借用荷兰文化历史学家约翰·赫伊津哈的“游戏”理论对纳博科夫作品中“游戏”元素进行分析,并提出纳博科夫的“游戏”概念受到尼采的“审美游戏”哲学思想的影响,具有秩序性和创造性的特点。同时,纳博科夫强调“游戏”的表演属性,赋予了“游戏”一种颠覆性。纳博科夫的“游戏”概念与其“美学自治”思想高度一致,亦能体现出他对于自由界限的思索。

The element of"play"performs a fundamental role in Vladimir Nabokov's works.The"play"in Nabokov's works is a concept in a broad sense,which takes on meanings of multiple levels,including the free play with no purpose,the competitive game with rules,the movements and acts of all things in the world,and which also contains the dimension of art.This paper analyzes the "play"elements in Nabokov's works with Johan Huizinga's theory of"play"and argues that Nabokov's concept of"play"is much influenced by Nietzsche's philosophical concept of"aesthetic play".Nabokov's concept of"play"has the features of order,creativity and performativity which gives"play"a power of subversion.His concept of"play"is closely related to his idea of"aesthetic autonomy",which at the same time shows his reflections on the limit of freedom.