感恩拓延-建构理论在哮喘患儿家庭护理中的应用

Role of broaden-and-build theory in family nursing of children with asthma

目的将感恩拓延-建构理论应用到哮喘患儿的家庭整理护理中,观察其在患儿病情控制、主要照顾者不良情绪改善和家庭功能改变中的效果。方法本研究为历史对照研究。以2019年1月—2020年6月在温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院儿童呼吸科治疗的148组患儿家庭为对照组,以2021年1—7月入院治疗的122组患儿家庭为观察组。对照组实施常规院内护理与延续护理方案,观察组实施哮喘家庭感恩拓延-建构护理模式。观察两组患儿出院后6个月的复发情况,采用儿童哮喘控制问卷评估两组的哮喘控制状况,采用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表评估主要照顾者出院前及出院后6个月的抑郁、焦虑、压力状况,采用家庭功能量表评估家庭功能变化。结果观察组患儿的复发次数和再住院次数少于对照组,发作持续时间短于对照组,儿童哮喘控制问卷得分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院6个月后,观察组患儿主要照顾者焦虑、抑郁和压力得分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院前,观察组患儿家庭在沟通与情感介入维度的得分低于对照组;出院6个月后,观察组患儿家庭在家庭功能各维度的得分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论哮喘家庭感恩拓延-建构护理模式可有效控制患儿哮喘病情,降低主要照顾者的不良负性情绪,改善其家庭功能。

Objective To apply broaden-and-build theory to the family nursing of children with asthma,and observe its effect on children's condition control,main caregivers'negative emotion and family function.Methods This study is a historical control study.The control group included 148 groups of children's families who were treated in the Child Respiratory Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2019 to June 2020,and the observation group included 122 groups of children's families who were hospitalized from January to July 2021.The control group implemented the routine in-hospital nursing and continuous nursing plan,while the observation group implemented the asthma family broaden-and-build nursing model.We observed the recurrence of the two groups of children six months after discharge,assessed the asthma control of the two groups using the Childhood Asthma Control Test,evaluated the depression,anxiety and stress of the main caregivers before and six months after discharge using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale,and assessed the family function using the Family Assessment Device.Results The number of recurrence and rehospitalization of children in the observation group was less than that in the control group,the duration of attack was shorter than that in the control group,and the score of Childhood Asthma Control Test was higher than that in the control group,with statistical differences(P<0.05).Six months after discharge,the scores of anxiety,depression and stress of the main caregivers in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistical(P<0.05).The score of family communication and emotional intervention in the observation group was lower than that in the control group before discharge,and the scores of children's families in the observation group in all dimensions of family function were lower than those in the control group six months after discharge,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Asthma family broaden-and-build nursing model can effectively control the condition of asthma in children,reduce the negative emotions of main caregivers,and improve their family functions.