中国自然保护地研究的现状、问题与展望

Status, problems and prospects of domestic researchon protected areas

通过文献内容分析,探究中国自然保护地研究主题的变化过程与研究特征,揭示中国自然保护地研究的现状和问题,提出研究展望。结果显示:(1)中国自然保护地研究历程可分为三个阶段:起步探索阶段(1998—2008年)、多元拓展阶段(2009—2018年)、深化发展阶段(2019年至今);(2)国内研究总体循着“自然资源调查—开发利用—体系建设—多元治理”方向不断深入并拓展,研究主题可分为体制建设、空间分布和管控、生态环境的监测与评估、自然保护地与社区发展、游憩利用五个方面,各主题呈现出不同的阶段性特征和演进趋势;(3)基于各主题的研究现状及新时代背景,提出自然保护地研究框架及自然保护地体系建设背景下的体制建设深化研究、自然保护地“自然—人类—社会”复合生态系统研究、国土空间规划背景下的自然保护地空间布局研究、自然保护地与社区良性互动发展研究、自然保护地游憩开发与管理研究等五个研究方向的科学问题。

As important symbols of beautiful China,protected areas are the core carriers of ecological civilization construction.Through content analysis with visualized software CiteSpace,this paper explores the topical changing process and characteristics of domestic study on protected areas,to penetratingly reveal the research status and problems,and put forward research prospects.The results show that:(1)The research course can be divided into three stages:the initial exploration(1998-2008),the diversified expansion(2009-2018),and the deepening development(2019-present).(2)Domestic research generally evolves from"natural resource investigation","exploitation","system construction",to"multi-governance".The research centers around five topics:system construction,spatial distribution and control,monitoring and evaluation of ecology,the mutual development of protected areas and community and the recreational exploitation of protected areas.Each topic presents different stage characteristics and evolution trends.(3)Based on the current research status and the new era background,the research framework of protected areas and the scientific issues of five research directions are proposed,including the deepening research on institutional construction in the context of protected areas system construction,the research on"nature-human-society"composite ecosystem of protected areas,the research on benign interaction between protected areas and communities,and the research on recreational exploitation and management of protected areas.