旅游导向下自然保护区外围区空间演变——以长白山国家级自然保护区外围区为例

Spatial evolution of the peripheral area of nature reserveunder the guidance of tourism:Taking the peripheral area of Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserveas an example

自然保护区的外围地区是自然保护区旅游服务的主要集聚地,同时也承担着生态保护和区域社会经济发展的重要功能,厘清自然保护区外围区空间演变特征与机制对于自然保护区及周边的整体性保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。以土地利用变化为切入点,探讨旅游导向下长白山自然保护区外围区的空间演变,界定自然保护区外围区“生态稳定—生产生活—旅游服务”三大功能空间,构建基于土地利用类型划分的功能空间识别方法,结合多源数据,对2005—2020年间长白山自然保护区外围区空间演变特征进行分析并探讨其驱动机制,结果发现:(1)长白山自然保护区外围区以生态稳定功能空间为主导,但逐渐向生产生活功能空间和旅游服务功能空间转化,功能空间变化主要集中在人为活动较为密集的城镇周边。(2)生态稳定功能空间先扩大后减小,景观格局逐渐多元化。生产生活功能空间不断增加,城镇化快速发展,推动大量生态稳定功能空间转化为生产生活功能空间。旅游服务功能空间显著增加,逐渐带动地方形成以旅游为主导的产业结构,推动生态稳定功能空间、生产生活功能空间向旅游功能空间转化。(3)功能空间转化受自然环境、政策落实和社会经济发展等多种因素影响,其中政策落实、城镇发展和产业发展是推动向三大功能空间转化的主要动力。

The peripheral area of the nature reserve is the place that attracts tourism service facilities concentrated and undertakes the important functions of ecological protection and regional socio-economic development.Clarifying the spatial evolution characteristics and mechanism of the peripheral area of the nature reserve is significant for the nature reserve's overall protection and sustainable development.From land-use change analysis,this study discusses the spatial evolution of the peripheral area of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve under the tourism-led development model.This paper firstly defines the three functional spaces of"ecological stability function-production and living function-tourism service function"in the peripheral area of the nature reserve,and constructs the 3-functional-space identification method based on the division of land-use types.Then through multi-source data analysis,this paper shows the spatial evolution of the peripheral area of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve from 2005 to 2020,and discusses the driving mechanism.Results show that:(1)The peripheral area of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve is dominated by ecological stability function space,but gradually transformed into production and living function space and tourism service function space,and the change of function space is mainly concentrated in the periphery of cities and towns with intensive human activities.(2)The ecological stability function space increases first and then decreases,and the landscape pattern is gradually diversified.The functional space for production and living has been increasing,and the rapid development of urbanization has promoted the transformation of a large number of ecological stability functional spaces.The functional space of tourism services has increased significantly,gradually forming an industrial structure dominated by tourism,and promoting the transformation from ecological stability functional space,production and living functional space to tourism functional space.(3)The transformation of functional space is affected by the natural environment,policy guidance,social and economic development and other factors.Among them,policy guidance,urban development and tourism industry development are the main driving forces to promote the transformation of the three functional spaces.