“国家的碳源”抑或“国家的碳汇”?——基于武夷山国家公园碳均衡分析

"National carbon source"or"national carbon sink"?Based on the carbon balance analysis ofWuyi Mountain National Park

以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系是中国陆地和海洋生态系统碳汇的重要来源。利用生命周期评估(LCA法)和武夷山国家公园GIS平台数据,研究了武夷山国家公园全周期旅游碳足迹测算、不同土地类型的碳吸存能力、碳源碳汇的路径和均衡、碳中和策略等四个方面内容,结果表明:(1)2019年国家公园总碳排放为2864481.86 t,其中旅游碳足迹为2836467.58 t,交通、餐饮和住宿是碳足迹最高的三个环节;(2)2019年国家公园碳吸存量为126862.61 t,乔木林地、竹林地、灌木林地是碳吸存能力最高的三种土地类型;(3)国家公园区内可实现碳中和,净碳汇值为88241.86 t,综合全生命周期结果却是显著的碳源,碳吸排比为4.48%,净碳源值为2737619.25 t;(4)构建游客、企业和法律三方面体系是国家公园重要的碳中和路径选择。

The nature reserve system,mainly national parks,is an important source of carbon sinks for China's terrestrial and marine ecosystems.Taking the Wuyi Mountain National Park tourism-ecosystem as the main research object,using a bottom-up approach and the whole life cycle(lca)tourism carbon footprint analysis method,and using data from the national park's land geographic information system(GIS)platform,we focused on the Wuyi Mountain National Park's full-cycle carbon footprint measurement,the carbon sequestration capacity and analysis of different land types,the carbon source and carbon sink.The results show that:(1)The total carbon emission of the national park in 2019 was 2864481.86 t,of which the carbon footprint of tourism was 2836467.58 t.Transportation,catering and accommodation were the three segments with the highest carbon footprint,accounting for 65.28%,28.58%and 3.04%respectively,and the overall carbon emission of tourism in general showed a more obvious upward trend between 2015 and 2019,but the growth rate of carbon emissions was not entirely consistent with the trend of changes in the growth of the number of tourists.(2)The carbon sequestration in national parks in 2019 was 126862.61 t.Tree woodland,bamboo woodland and shrub woodland were the three land types with the highest carbon sequestration capacity,at 103664.98 t,219035.11 t and 1054.87 t,hard broad species and horsetail pine are the forest types with the most important carbon sink capacity.(3)Wuyi Mountain National Park tourism-ecosystem is a carbon sink with an average annual net carbon sink of 88241.86 t.However,the national park is a significant carbon source based on the analysis of the whole life cycle results,with the ratio of ecosystem carbon uptake to total carbon emission of 4.48%and the net carbon source value of 2737619.25 t.The carbon footprint efficiency of ecotourism in national parks in 2019 was 12698.28 yuan/t,which is a high efficiency level globally.(4)Building a tourist growth system,developing a carbon neutral behaviour promotion system for enterprises and improving the legal protection system for nature reserves are important carbon neutrality path options for national parks.