机动车源和民用燃料源颗粒物中有机碳和元素碳的排放特征

Emission Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in PM10 and PM_(2.5) from Vehicle Exhaust and Civil Combustion Fuels

为了获取机动车源尾气和主要民用燃料源燃烧过程排放的颗粒物中含碳气溶胶的排放特征,使用多功能便携式稀释通道采样器和Model 5L-NDIR型OC/EC分析仪,采集分析了典型机动车源(汽油车、轻柴油车、重柴油车)、民用煤(块煤和型煤)和生物质燃料(麦秆、木板、葡萄树树枝)的PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)样品中的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC).结果表明,不同排放源释放的PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中含碳气溶胶的质量分数存在显著差异.总碳(TC)在不同源PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中的质量分数范围分别为40.8%~68.5%和30.5%~70.9%,OC/EC范围分别为1.49~31.56和1.90~87.57.不同源产生的含碳气溶胶均以OC为主,OC在PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中的质量分数范围分别为56.3%~97.0%和65.0%~98.7%.在PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的含碳气溶胶中OC质量分数按照从高到低的顺序分别为:型煤>块煤>汽油车>木板>麦秆>轻柴车>重柴车和型煤>汽油车>葡萄树枝>块煤>轻柴车>重柴车.不同源排放的PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)颗粒物中含碳气溶胶的主导成分不同,通过含碳气溶胶的成分组成可以准确区分其来源.

To study the emission characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in particulate matter emitted from vehicle exhaust and main civil combustion fuels,organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC)in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) samples from vehicle sources(gasoline vehicles,light duty diesel vehicles,and heavy duty diesel vehicles),civil coal(chunk coal and briquette coal),and biomass fuels(wheat straw,wood plank,and grape branches)were collected and analyzed by using a multifunctional portable dilution channel sampler and the Model 5L-NDIR OC/EC analyzer.The results showed that there were significant differences in the proportion of carbonaceous aerosols in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)from different emission sources.The proportions of total carbon(TC)in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) of different emission sources were 40.8%-68.5%and 30.5%-70.9%,respectively,and the OC/EC were 1.49-31.56 and 1.90-87.57,respectively.The carbon components produced by different emission sources were dominated by OC,and the OC/TC values in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were 56.3%-97.0%and 65.0%-98.7%,respectively.The proportions of OC in carbonaceous aerosols in PM_(10)and PM_(2.5) were in the descending order of:briquette coal>chunk coal>gasoline vehicle>wood plank>wheat straw>light duty diesel vehicle>heavy duty diesel vehicle and briquette coal>gasoline car>grape branches>chunk coal>light duty diesel vehicle>heavy duty diesel vehicle,respectively.The main components of carbonaceous aerosols in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) emitted from the various emission sources were different,and source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols could be accurately distinguished by their ingredient composition profiles.