石家庄市土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素时空分布及其风险评估

Spatial-temporal Distribution and Risk Assessment of Quinolones Antibiotics in Soil of Shijiazhuang City

由于喹诺酮类(QNs)药物在人类医学中的重要性,世界卫生组织将其列为"最重要的抗菌药物".鉴于此,为阐明土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素时空分布特征及其风险,分别于2020年9月(秋季)和2021年6月(夏季)采集了18份表层土壤样品,并采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)分析测定了土壤样品中的QNs抗生素含量,明晰了QNs时空分布特征及其环境影响因子;并采用风险商值法(RQ)进行了QNs生态风险和抗性风险评估.结果表明:①由2020年9月(秋季)至2021年6月(夏季),QNs含量平均值呈现下降趋势[秋季和夏季ω(QNs)平均值分别为94.88μg·kg-1和44.46μg·kg-1];中部(S9~S15)土壤中QNs含量最高而其他区域较低;②土壤中粉粒平均占比并无显著变化,而黏粒和砂粒平均占比分别呈升高和下降趋势;总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和硝氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量平均值呈下降趋势;③相关分析结果表明,QNs含量与土壤粒径、亚硝氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)和硝氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)等3种理化因子显著相关(P<0.05);④QNs的联合生态风险为高风险水平(RQsum>1),而联合抗性风险为中风险水平(0.1<RQsum≤1),且均呈下降趋势.石家庄市土壤中QNs的生态风险和抗性风险应引起关注,需加强石家庄市土壤中抗生素的风险管控.

Due to their importance in human medicine,quinolones(QNs),as a typical class of antibiotics,are considered to be the"highest priority critically important antimicrobials"by the World Health Organization(WHO).In order to clarify the spatial-temporal variation and risk of QNs in soil,18 representative topsoil samples were respectively collected in September 2020(autumn)and June 2021(summer).The contents of QNs antibiotics in soil samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS),and the ecological risk and resistance risk were calculated using the risk quotient method(RQ).The results showed that:①the average content of QNs decreased from autumn to summer(the average contents of QNs were 94.88μg·kg^(-1) in autumn and 44.46μg·kg^(-1) in summer);the highest values appeared in the middle area.②The average proportion of silt was without change,whereas the average proportion of clay and sand was increased and decreased,respectively;the average contents of total phosphorus(TP),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)also decreased.③The content of QNs was significantly correlated with soil particle size,nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)-N),and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)(P<0.05).④The combined ecological risk of QNs showed high risk level(RQsum>1),whereas the combined resistance risk of QNs showed medium risk level(0.1<RQsum≤1).In terms of seasonal variation,RQsum showed a downward trend.Overall,the ecological risk and resistance risk of QNs in soil for Shijiazhuang City require further attention,and the risk control of antibiotics in soil should be strengthened in the future.