晋南牛不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状遗传参数估计

Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Body Weight and Body Size Traits in Jinnan Cattle at Different Growth Stages

旨在利用从山西省运城市国家级晋南牛遗传资源基因保护中心采集的2011—2021年564头晋南牛(公牛279头,母牛285头)共1937条体重和体尺性状数据,对晋南牛初生、6、12、18、24月龄阶段体重和体尺性状进行遗传参数估计。本研究运用ASREML软件中的REML算法配合多性状动物模型,以出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应,估计晋南牛5个不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状的遗传力、遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明,出生年份对晋南牛不同生长阶段的体重和体尺性状有着极显著影响(P<0.01);出生季节和性别对晋南牛生长发育前期影响较小,对其生长发育后期有着较大影响。晋南牛初生至24月龄体重遗传力估计值范围为0.22~0.35,体高遗传力估计值范围为0.18~0.31,十字部高遗传力估计值范围为0.17~0.43,体斜长遗传力估计值范围为0.10~0.24,胸围遗传力估计值范围为0.22~0.29,腹围遗传力估计值范围为0.25~0.33,管围遗传力估计值范围为0.16~0.56。晋南牛不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状均呈现出较强的遗传正相关和表型正相关。其中遗传相关和表型相关的范围分别为0.37~0.97和0.47~0.96。本试验对晋南牛生长发育性状的遗传参数进行了系统的评估与分析,发现晋南牛在不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状均属于中高遗传力性状,且各性状间的遗传相关和表型相关均呈现较强的正相关性。其中,18月龄体重、十字部高和管围性状因其较高的遗传力与较强的遗传相关和表型相关可考虑作为构建晋南牛选择指数的目标性状。本试验结果可为晋南牛的科学保种与种质资源开发利用提供理论基础。

A total of 1937 body weight and body size traits data of 564 Jinnan cattle(279 bulls and 285 cows)from 2011 to 2021 were collected from the National Jinnan Cattle Genetic Resources Gene Protection Center in Yuncheng,Shanxi Province.Genetic parameters of body weight and body size traits of Jinnan cattle at birth,6,12,18 and 24 months of age were estimated.Using REML algorithm in ASREML software and multi-trait animal model,with birth year,birth season and sex as fixed effects,the heritability,genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation of body weight and body size traits in 5 different growth stages of Jinnan cattle were estimated.The results showed that birth year had significant effects on the body weight and body size traits at different growth stages of Jinnan cattle(P<0.01).Birth season and sex had little effect on early growth and development of Jinnan cattle,but had great effect on late growth and development.The estimated heritability of body weight from birth to 24 months of age ranged from 0.22 to 0.35,the estimated heritability of body height ranged from 0.18 to 0.31,the estimated heritability of stature ranged from 0.17 to 0.43,the estimated heritability of body length ranged from 0.10 to 0.24,and the estimated heritability of chest girth ranged from 0.22 to 0.29.The estimated values of abdomen circumference heritability ranged from 0.25 to 0.33,and the estimated values of shin circumference heritability ranged from 0.16 to 0.56.The body weight and body size traits of Jinnan cattle at different growth stages showed strong positive genetic and phenotypic correlations.The genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.37 to 0.97 and 0.47 to 0.96,respectively.The genetic parameters of growth and development traits of Jinnan cattle were systematically evaluated and analyzed in this experiment.It was found that the body weight and body size at different growth stages of Jinnan cattle belonged to medium and high heritability traits,and the genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation of these traits showed strong positive correlation.Among them,weight,stature and shin circumference at 18 months of age could be considered as the target traits for constructing selection index of Jinnan cattle due to their high heritability,strong genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation.The results of this experiment can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific conservation of Jinnan cattle and the development and utilization of germplasm resources.