“一窗受理”政策试验的创新扩散过程追踪——基于政策文件的研究

Tracking the Innovation Diffusion Process of“One Window Acceptance”Policy Experiment Based on Policy Documents

“一窗受理”是深化“放管服”改革的重要内容,由“一门”走向“一窗”是简化办事程序的重要举措。当前“一窗受理”仍处于以试点为主的政策试验阶段,研究其创新扩散过程对发现“一窗受理”试验中存在的问题,推动其发展具有重要意义。在充分收集“一窗受理”政策文件的基础上,以对政策试验的过程追踪为主线,综合运用NLP文本相似度检验、QGIS地理空间分析等方法,从“条块创新”“学习扩散”“地域分布”3个维度还原“一窗受理”政策试验的创新扩散历程。通过对试点城市与非试点城市的比较,揭示了政策试验中官方试点与“民间探索”等两条不同的发展路径,检验了各参与主体的工作成效,概括出“省级引领型”“自主探索型”“城市自发型”等三种创新扩散模式,阐发了“一窗受理”政策试验中形成的“政策导向与城市试验、试点与非试点、上级引领与自主发展、先发与后发、边缘性与临近性”等五组关键关系,总结出非典型竞争、延后影响、学习隔离、后发回避、边缘创新、近域传播等六条“一窗受理”领域的创新扩散规律,并通过总结政策试验的经验教训为后续发展提供启示。

“One window acceptance”is an important part of deepening the reform of“release,management and service”,and moving from“one door”to“one window”is an important measure to simplify the procedures.At present,the“one window acceptance”is still in the policy pilot stage,and studying its innovation diffusion process is of great significance to find the problems existing in the“one window acceptance”test and promote its development.Based on the self-built case base of“one window acceptance”policy documents,with the process tracing of policy experiments as the main line,this study comprehensively adopts NLP text similarity test,QGIS geospatial analysis and other methods to restore the innovation diffusion process of“one window acceptance”policy experiments from the three dimensions of“block innovation”,“learning diffusion”and“regional distribution”.Through the comparison between pilot cities and“non-pilot cities”,this study reveals two different development paths in the policy experiment,namely,official pilot and“private”exploration,tests the work effectiveness of each participant,and summarizes three innovation diffusion models-“provincial leading,independent exploration,and urban self-development”.The five key relationships of“policy orientation and pilot cities,pilot and non-pilot,superior guidance and independent development,first development and later development,edge and proximity”formed in the policy experiment of“one window acceptance”were clarified,and six innovation diffusion laws in the field of“one window acceptance”were summarized,including atypical competition,delayed influence,learning isolation,late development avoidance,edge innovation,and near-field communication.By summarizing the experience and lessons of the policy experiment,we can provide inspiration for the follow-up development.