中国特色政策试验的知识生产与学习模式

Knowledge Production and Learning Model of Policy Experiment with Chinese Characteristics

改革开放以来,中国通过自上而下的非均衡赋权、自下而上的民意吸纳和点面结合的试点推广等方式,不断增进政策认知和积累政策经验,形成了极具中国特色的政策试验模式。本质上,中国特色政策试验是一个知识生产的过程,制度体制、组织机构、信息技术和空间距离等因素构成知识生产的内在驱动力,政策专家、地方官员与利益相关者等多个行动者围绕试验议题组建学习网络,彼此交流试验信息、互换试验经验和共享试验资源,持续将碎片化的政策知识转化为制度化知识,甚至形成技术性方案,最终促成政策知识的生产和再生产。根据中央政府的主导性强弱和地方政府的积极性高低的差异性,中国特色政策试验的学习模式可以分为条块互动模式、政治动员模式、等待观望模式和边干边学模式,不同学习模式生产不同的政策知识。探讨中国特色政策试验的知识生产与学习模式,有利于深化中国改革发展的政策认知,对于解读中国制度文明具有重要参考意义。

Since the reform and opening-up,China has continuously enhanced its policy cognition and accumulated policy experience through top-down unbalanced empowerment,bottom-up public opinion absorption and point-based pilot promotion,and formed a policy experiment model with Chinese characteristics.In essence,the policy experiment with Chinese characteristics is a process of knowledge production.Factors such as system,organization,information technology and spatial distance constitute the internal driving force of knowledge production.Factors such as experts,local officials and stakeholders build learning networks around the experimental topics,exchange experimental information,exchange experimental experience and share experimental resources,continue to transform fragmented policy knowledge into institutionalized knowledge,and even form technical programs,ultimately contributing to the production and reproduction of policy knowledge.According to the differences in the dominance of the central government and the level of enthusiasm of local governments,the learning modes of policy experiments with Chinese characteristics can be divided into interaction mode,political mobilization mode,waiting and seeing mode and learning while doing mode.Different learning modes produce different policy knowledge.To explore the knowledge production and learning mode of policy experiment with Chinese characteristics is conducive to deepening the policy cognition of China’s reform and development,and has important reference significance for the interpretation of China’s institutional civilization.