苏氨酸和异亮氨酸对皖西白鹅屠宰性能、器官指数及肠道形态结构、消化酶活性、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

Indexes and Intestinal Morphological Structure,Digestive Enzyme Activities,Antioxidant and Immune Indexes of Wanxi White Geese

本试验旨在研究苏氨酸和异亮氨酸对皖西白鹅屠宰性能、器官指数及肠道形态结构、消化酶活性、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。选取30日龄体重相近的皖西白鹅180只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,苏氨酸组在基础饲粮中添加2.0 g/kg的L-苏氨酸,异亮氨酸组在基础饲粮中添加2.5 g/kg的L-异亮氨酸。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)各组之间90日龄屠宰性能和器官指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)异亮氨酸组60日龄十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),苏氨酸组60日龄十二指肠、空肠和回肠隐窝深度及90日龄十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)苏氨酸组和异亮氨酸组60、90日龄十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),苏氨酸组60、90日龄十二指肠麦芽糖酶活性及90日龄空肠淀粉酶、乳糖酶活性显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)异亮氨酸组60日龄空肠总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组和苏氨酸组(P<0.05)。苏氨酸组60日龄空肠丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著低于对照组和异亮氨酸组(P<0.01),异亮氨酸组90日龄回肠MDA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。5)异亮氨酸组90日龄空肠免疫球蛋白A、白细胞介素-4和干扰素-γ含量显著低于对照组和苏氨酸组(P<0.05),苏氨酸组空肠免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M含量极显著高于对照组和异亮氨酸组(P<0.01),异亮氨酸组和苏氨酸组空肠肿瘤坏死因子-α含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。由此可见,异亮氨酸和苏氨酸对生长期皖西白鹅屠宰性能和器官生长无显著影响,但异亮氨酸和苏氨酸分别提高了30~60日龄、61~90日龄皖西白鹅肠道组织结构和抗氧化功能,同时也提高了小肠免疫功能。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of threonine and isoleucine on slaughter performance,organ indexes and intestinal morphological structure,digestive enzymes activities,antioxidant and immune indexes of Wanxi white geese.A total of 180 thirty-day-old Wanxi white geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 geese per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,the threonine group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.0 g/kg L-threonine,and the isoleucine group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5 g/kg L-isoleucine.The experiment lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)there were no significant differences in slaughter performance and organ indexes at 90 days of age among all groups(P>0.05).2)The villus height and crypt depth in duodenum and jejunum at 60 days of age of isoleucine group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the crypt depth in duodenum,jejunum and ileum at 60 days of age and villus height in duodenum and ileum at 90 days of age of threonine group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).3)The duodenal trypsin activity at 60 and 90 days of age of threonine group and isoleucine group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01),and the duodenal maltase activity at 60 and 90 days of age and activities of amylase and lactase in jejunum at 90 days of age of threonine group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).4)The jejunal total antioxidant capacity at 60 days of age of isoleucine group was significantly higher than that of control group and threonine group(P<0.05).The jejunal malondialdehyde(MDA)content at 60 days of age of threonine group was significantly lower than that of control group and isoleucine group(P<0.01),and the ileal MDA content at 90 days of age of isoleucine group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).5)The contents of immunoglobulin A,interleukin-4 and interferon-γin jejunum at 90 days of age of isoleucine group were significantly lower than those of control group and threonine group(P<0.05),the contents of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in jejunum of threonine group were significantly higher than those of control group and isoleucine group(P<0.01),the jejunal tumor necrosis factor-αcontent of isoleucine group and threonine group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).In conclusion,isoleucine and threonine have no significant effect on the slaughter performance and organ growth of Wanxi white geese in the growth period,but isoleucine and threonine improve the intestinal tissue structure and antioxidant function,as well as the intestinal immune function of Wanxi white geese during 30 to 60 days of age and 61 to 90 days of age,respectively.