湛江蔗区8个主栽宿根蔗品种的第3年品质比较与评价

Quality comparison and evaluation of the main ratoon sugarcane cultivars in Zhanjiang sugarcane area in the third year

[目的]筛选出适宜广东湛江蔗区推广种植的强宿根蔗品种,同时为新品种的引进和筛选提供参考。[方法]调查了湛江蔗区8个主栽宿根蔗品种第3年的主要农艺性状和经济性状表现,并利用方差分析、相关分析和主成分分析进行比较与综合评价。[结果]方差分析表明,桂糖49号和粤糖61号在蔗糖含量、蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量等性状上表现较优,综合性状最好。相关分析表明,蔗糖产量与茎径、节间长度、单茎重、有效茎数、蔗糖分和蔗茎产量都呈极显著正相关,与分蘖率呈显著负相关。进一步进行主成分分析,将11个性状分成4个主成分,分别是“蔗茎产量因子”“有效茎数因子”“株高和蔗糖产量因子”和“叶片因子”。8个品种主成分分析综合评价排名为:粤糖61号>桂糖49号>桂糖58号>桂糖08-120>海蔗22号>桂糖42号>台糖93/031>桂柳05-136。[结论]参试宿根蔗品种中,桂糖49号和粤糖61号综合表现较好,适宜在湛江蔗区推广种植;在引进和筛选宿根蔗新品种时,建议优先考虑茎径、单茎重、蔗茎产量和蔗糖分性状表现较好的品种。

[Purpose]Sugarcane varieties with strong ratooning ability were screened for adaptive cultivation in Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province,as so to provide reference for the screening and introduction of new varieties in the region.[Method]The main agricultural and economic traits of 8 ratoon sugarcane varieties planted in the 3rd year were comprehensively compared and evaluated via variance analysis,correlation analysis and principal component analysis.[Result]Variety Guitang 49 and Yuetang 61 showed better performances in sugar content,cane yield and sugar yield by variance analysis,resulting in the best comprehensive traits among all the varieties tested.Correlation analysis revealed that the sugar yield was significantly positively correlated with stalk diameter,stalk segment length,single stalk weight,effective stalk number,sugar content and cane yield,and significantly negatively correlated with tillering rate.The 11 traits were further classified into 4 principal components by principal component analysis,namely“cane yield factor”,“effective stalk factor”,“plant height and sugar yield factor”,and“leaf factor”.The ranking of the comprehensive scores of the 8 varieties tested was as follows:Yuetang 61>Guitang 49>Guitang 58>Guitang 08-120>Haizhe 22>Guitang 42>Taitang 93/031>Guiliu 05-136.[Conclusion]Ratoon sugarcane varieties of Guitang 49 and Yuetang 61 performed well among the 8 most widely cultivated varieties in Zhanjiang,which were suitable for wider cultivation in the region;when introducing and screening new varieties,priority should be given to varieties with greater stalk diameter,single stalk weight,cane yield and sugar content.