新时代中国民族学的知识创新与学科建设

Knowledge Innovation and Discipline Construction of Chinese Ethnology in the New Era

从学科的诞生来看,学科既是一种知识分类,也是知识生产分工的结果,还是学科建制化的历史产物。学科化的知识生产有疆域化、范式化、建制化等特征,在特定的情境下会为知识生产带来一些弊端,导致学术异化和内卷化。这些弊端并非知识生产学科化的必然结果,重要的是要准确把握学科建设与知识生产之间的关系,应意识到知识创新是学科建设的目的,学科建设应该服务于、服从于知识创新。当前中国民族学的知识体系存在洋化和老化两大不足,因此无法准确解释新时代的民族现象。新时代民族学学科建设的中心是建构中国自主的民族学知识体系,实现民族学学科特色和中国自主知识体系内涵的耦合,应注意:一是要以中国为观照,警惕知识体系洋化;二是要以时代为观照,回应时代使命;三是要立足中国实际,从实求知;四是要坚持以问题为导向,避免话语游戏;五是要立足优秀传统文化,发掘本土概念和话语;六是要注重不断推进知识创新。

The emergence of the discipline is the result of both a classification of knowledge and a division of labor in knowledge production,as well as a historical artifact of disciplinary institutionalization.Disciplined knowledge production has characteristics of territorialization,paradigmization,and institutionalization,which may bring some drawbacks to knowledge production in certain contexts and lead to academic alienation and involution.However,these drawbacks are not the inevitable result of the disciplinization of knowledge production.What is important is to accurately grasp the relationship between discipline construction and knowledge production,and realize that knowledge innovation is the purpose of discipline construction,and discipline construction should serve and be subordinated to knowledge innovation.There are two major deficiencies in the current knowledge system of Chinese ethnography:westernization and outdatedness,thus unable to effectively analyze the ethnological phenomena in the new era.The center of the discipline construction of ethnology in the new era is to construct China's independent ethnological knowledge system and realize the coupling of the disciplinary characteristics of ethnology and the meaning of China's independent knowledge system.In constructing the knowledge system of ethnology in the new era,efforts should be made to:(1)anchoring the knowledge system in the Chinese reality and avoiding the westernization of it;(2)resting on the contemporary and responding to the mission of the era;(3)basing on the social facts of China and seeking knowledge from the facts;(4)adhering to the problem-oriented approach and avoiding the game of words;(5)discovering the local concepts and discourse based on the traditional culture;and(6)focusing on the continuous promotion of knowledge innovation.