清末新政前夕云南边疆军政高层冲突及影响

Clashes between Government and Military Leadership in Yunnan and Its Impact on the Eve of the New Deal in Late Qing Dynasty

清末新政实施前夕,彼此相互牵制、职权又重合的云南提督冯子材与云贵总督崧蕃、云南巡抚丁振铎围绕云南军政权力分配发生了公开冲突,这既是甲午战后清朝中枢与地方权力结构失衡的表现,也从另一维度呈现了云南地方社会政治矛盾日益尖锐化的面相。这次冲突表现出的清廷中枢力量日益“弱化”、央地之间的复杂互动、云南地方军政高层的“歧异”、云南地方财政及军事的不足等内容,都将制约新政的正式政令及改革举措的实际运行效果。位处西南边疆关键地区的云南社会政治的这些复杂形态,在某种程度上预示着清末新政在西南边疆的实施必然面临各种难以预料的复杂、艰巨局面。深刻洞察这一复杂景象,才能对清末新政在西南边疆的具体实施有更全面、透彻的理解和认识。

In the run-up to the New Deal in late Qing Dynasty,Feng Zicai,Yunnan Commander in Chief,Song Fan,Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces,and Ding Zhenduo,Governor of Yunnan,who were under mutual checks and balances entangled with overlapping mandates,ended up in overt conflicts over separation of power between government and armed forces in Yunnan,as not only manifestation of the imbalanced state and local power of Qing Dynasty in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War but also laid bare from another dimension the facet of increasingly acute social and political discords in Yunnan.Facts exposed in those clashes,including weakening central authority,intricate central-local interaction,arguments in the government-military high rankers in Yunnan,and inadequate financial resources and military presence of the province,were bound to hold back the landing of the New Deal and diminish reform outcomes.Social and political complications in Yunnan,a stronghold in the southwestern frontier,heralded to some extent an unpredictable and tricky future for the New Deal in the area.A deep probe into those complexities is necessary for an all-around thorough understanding of specific implementation of the New Deal in this southwestern part of late Qing Dynasty.