不同区域环境公路隧道排水系统设计特征统计研究

A Statistical Study on the Design Characteristics of Highway Tunnel Drainage Systems in Different Regional Environments

运营期公路隧道排水系统通畅与否直接关系到隧道支护结构的安全状态。为更好地了解我国不同区域环境下公路隧道排水系统设计特征及适用性,基于我国气候环境与地理信息特征,搜集了十四个省、自治区公路隧道典型排水系统设计样本,分别从排水系统总排水方式、局部排水设计与不同构造组合三个方面对比分析了不同区域环境下排水系统的设计差异和特征,同时对碳酸盐岩地区公路隧道排水系统设计和排水模型构建与优化进行了讨论。结果表明:我国公路隧道排水系统类型可归纳为侧式暗沟总排式、中心排水沟总排式及侧式暗沟+中心排水沟总排式三种类型,区域特点明显,各排水类型之间优点各异,但缺点相似;非冻结区内排水设计呈多样化,较小排水量需求下推荐采用侧式暗沟总排式设计,排水路径较短且易于后期维护,大排水量需求下可采用侧式暗沟+中心排水沟总排式设计;冻结地区隧道排水系统设计均为中心排水沟总排式,中心排水沟检查井内可布置多层保温材料,形成多层内腔结构,能够有效保持沟内水环境温度;通过降低纵向盲管检查井内横向盲管的标高,可将现行网状排水模型优化为串并联排水模型,该排水模型排水路径短,排水系统堵塞概率低,排水量较大时可自动转换为网状排水模型,保证了排水系统整体的排泄能力。

Whether the tunnel drainage system is working properly during the operation of a highway tunnel is di⁃rectly relevant to the safety of the tunnel's support structure.To better understand the design characteristics and ap⁃plicability of highway tunnel drainage systems in different regional environments in China,this paper collects the de⁃sign samples of typical highway tunnel drainage systems from fourteen provinces and autonomous regions based on the characteristics of the climatic environment and geographic information in China,and conducts a comparative analysis of the design differences and characteristics of the drainage systems in different regional environments from three perspectives:the general drainage ways,local drainage design,and different structural combinations of the drainage systems.This paper also discusses the design of highway tunnel drainage systems and drainage model con⁃struction and optimization in carbonate areas.The results show that China's highway tunnel drainage systems can be categorized into three types:main drainage through the underground side culvert,main drainage through the central drainage trench,and main drainage through the underground side culvert+central drainage trench,with obvious re⁃gional characteristics.These different types of drainage systems are different in terms of their advantages,but simi⁃lar in terms of their disadvantages.The drainage design in non-frozen areas is diversified,and the design of main drainage through underground side culvert is recommended for small drainage amounts,which would have a shorter drainage path and is easy for later maintenance,while the design of main drainage through underground side culvert+central drainage trench can be used for large drainage amounts.Tunnel drainage systems in frozen areas are all of the main drainage through central drainage trench,of which,the inspection wells of the central drainage trench can be arranged with multiple layers of insulation materials to form a multi-layer internal cavity structure,which can ef⁃fectively guarantee the temperature level of the water environment in the trench.By lowering the elevation of the transverse blind pipes in the longitudinal blind pipe inspection well,the existing mesh drainage model can be opti⁃mized into a series-parallel drainage model,which has a short drainage path and low probability of drainage system blockage,and can be automatically converted into the mesh drainage model when the drainage volume is large,thus ensuring the overall drainage capacity.