摘要
静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)是住院患者常见的、可预防的住院死亡原因之一,实施有效的预防措施可降低VTE的发生风险,现有的预防措施包括基础预防、机械预防和药物预防。近年来,电刺激作为一种新型机械预防形式,越来越多地应用于VTE的预防,特别是经皮神经电刺激(TENS)、神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)和经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)的应用。TENS和NMES通过贴附在皮肤表面的电极片刺激肌肉或神经,具有安全、无创等特点,而TEAS是结合中医理论和电刺激技术对人体穴位进行低频电脉冲治疗,也证实有助于预防VTE。目前,电刺激预防VTE的作用机制尚存在争议。用于预防VTE的常见电刺激装置包括一体式电刺激装置和分体式电刺激装置,各有优点。重症监护室(ICU)内长期卧床、肾移植术后、全髋关节置换术后、脑卒中等患者使用电刺激装置有助于预防VTE,同时也将电刺激装置积极地应用于更多的预防人群,以验证其预防效果。
Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a common but preventable cause of mortality in hospitalized patients,the risk of which can be reduced by implementing effective prophylaxis.Existing preventive measures include basic,mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis.In recent years,electrical stimulation has been increasingly used as a new form of mechanical prophylaxis for VTE prevention,especially transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS),neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES),and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS).The first two are used to stimulate muscles or nerves through electrodes attached to the skin surface,which are safe and non-invasive,and TEAS is a combination of TCM theory and electrical stimulation technology to treat human acupoints with low-frequency electrical pulses,which is also proven helpful in VTE prevention.Currently,the mechanism of electrical stimulation for VTE prevention is controversial.Common electrical stimulation devices for VTE prophylaxis include one-piece and split devices,each with its own advantages.The use of electrical stimulation devices in patients who are bedridden in the intensive care unit(ICU),after renal transplantation,total hip replacement and stroke can help in VTE prevention,and they are also actively used in more preventive populations to verify the effectiveness.
作者
吴晓臣
李海燕
Wu Xiaochen;Li Haiyan(School of Basic Medicine,the Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《血管与腔内血管外科杂志》
2023年第3期333-337,共5页
Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
基金
上海申康医院发展中心2021年临床科技创新项目(SHDC12021630)
海军军医大学深蓝护理科研项目“登峰”人才计划项目(2022KYD08)
上海长海医院234学科攀峰计划(2019YXK040)。
关键词
电刺激
机械预防
静脉血栓栓塞症
经皮神经电刺激
神经肌肉电刺激
经皮穴位电刺激
electrical stimulation
mechanical prophylaxis
venous thromboembolism
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
neuromuscular electrical stimulation
transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation