农村生活污水治理多元主体参与路径及对策研究——以河南省为例

Research on the Path and Countermeasures of Multi Subject Participation in Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment:A Case Study of Henan Province

农村生活污水排放直接影响乡村公共卫生和农村环境健康,对其进行有效的、可持续的管理是提高农民生活质量、改善乡村生态环境、实施乡村振兴战略的重要举措。我国农村生活污水处理率低、持续利用水平不高,政府、农民等多元主体参与不足是关键制约。河南省是农业大省、人口大省,其农村生活污水治理不平衡不充分、多种处理模式并存以及多元主体投入的特征明显,近年来政府引导农民、村集体、企业以及社会力量等多元主体参与农村生活污水治理,在提高财政资金使用效率、发挥农民主体作用以及破解社会资本进入难题等方面开展了有益探索。当前,河南省农村生活污水治理多元参与机制建设中存在投入不足、农民参与度不高、社会资本进入渠道不畅等问题,需要通过系统性制度设计和组合式政策投入加以破解。

Rural domestic sewage discharge directly affects rural public health and living environments.Effective and sustainable management of sewage is an important measure to improve rural residents’life quality and ecological environment,and implement the strategy of rural revitalization.Nowadays,the key reason for the low rate of China’s rural domestic sewage treatment and the level of sustainable utilization is the lack of participation of the government,farmers and other subjects.As a large agricultural province with a large population,the rural domestic sewage treatment in Henan Province is unbalanced and insufficient.Multiple treatment modes coexist,and shows the characteristics of multi subject investment.In recent years,the local governments have guided farmers,village collectives,enterprises,and social forces to participate in rural domestic sewage treatment,and have carried out beneficial exploration in improving the use efficiency of financial funds,giving play to the role of farmers and solving the problem of social capital entering as the main body.However,there are some problems in the construction of diversified participation mechanism for rural domestic sewage treatment in Henan Province,such as insufficient investment,low participation of farmers,and poor access to social capital,which need to be solved through systematic system design and combined policy input.