灵武煤矿区排矸场生态系统服务价值评估

Evaluation of ecosystem service value for gangue dump field in Lingwu mining areas

为研究不同生态修复工程下排矸场坡面的恢复效果,以灵武煤矿区典型排矸场为研究对象,通过定量估算生态系统服务价值对生态恢复效果进行评价。根据恢复生态学原理,基于无人机遥感影像对研究区土地利用分类,利用修订后的当量因子法,对灵武煤炭基地中具有代表性的排矸场开采(排弃)占压前、未治理及治理后3个场景的单位面积生态系统服务价值进行估算,并对其生态恢复效果进行评价。灵武排矸场的单位面积生态系统服务价值在开采前、未治理、治理后,总体上经历急剧下降又逐渐提高的过程。其中,价值量最高的为2020年的梅花井排矸场,达到13372.00元,恢复至78.02%,且气候调节和水文调节为最重要的单项生态系统服务功能。梅花井排矸场生态恢复效果较同地区同类型恢复最好,揭示在西北干旱荒漠煤矿区的生态修复过程中,适宜的生态修复工程是煤矿区排矸场生态恢复、生态系统服务价值提升的重要原因。

[Background]Coal mining has caused a severe impact on the ecological environment of Lingwu area,and its ecological restoration work has been widely concerned.In order to study the restoration effects of the gangue discharge slope under different ecological restoration projects,the restoration effects were evaluated by quantitatively estimated the ecosystem service value and taking the typical gangue dump in Lingwu Coal Mine Area as the research objects.[Methods]According to the principle of restoration ecology,based on the UAV remote sensing images to classify the land uses in the study area,the revised equivalent factor method was used to analyze the representative gangue dumps in the Lingwu coal base among pre-occupation,before and after implementing restoration measures.And the value of ecosystem services per unit area of the three scenarios was estimated and studied to quantitatively evaluate the ecological restoration effects.[Results]The unit area ecosystem service value in Lingwu gangue dump experienced a sharp decline and gradual improvement before mining,before and after implementing restoration measures.Among them,the highest value was Meihuajing gangue dump in 2020(13372 Yuan),which recovered to 78.02%of the original one,and climate regulation and hydrological modulation were the main single ecosystem services.[Conclusions]The ecological restoration effect of Meihuajing gangue dump is better than those of the same area.It is revealed that the appropriate ecological restoration project in the ecological restoration process in the arid desert coal mine area of Northwest China is an important reason for the ecological restoration and the improvement of ecosystem service value.