河北沧州地区优良高产抗病苜蓿品种的筛选

Screening of excellent alfalfa varieties with high-yield and disease resistance in Cangzhou,Hebei Province

为筛选出适宜在河北沧州地区推广种植的高产抗病品种,分别于2018、2019和2020年9月调查32个品种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的病害发病率,并测定草产量,评价不同品种的抗病性,分析苜蓿产量和病害发病率之间的相关性。结果表明,沧州地区主要发生5种苜蓿病害,分别是苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病(Phoma medicaginis)、苜蓿炭疽病(Colletotrichum truncatum)、苜蓿尾孢叶斑病(Cercospora medicaginis)、苜蓿锈病(Uromyces striatus)和苜蓿褐斑病(Pseudopeziza medicaginis),前3种病害的发病率较高,最高可达73.22%、86.67%和91.67%;所有品种对田间调查到的病害均具有一定的抗性,其中,‘敖汉苜蓿’、‘中苜3号’和‘陇东苜蓿’对上述5种病害均表现为高抗。32个苜蓿品种草产量为1.28~4.53 t·hm^(-2),‘新牧4号’最高,‘陇东苜蓿’最低。相关性分析表明,苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病的发病率与‘皇冠’和‘骑士T’的草产量在2018年、2019年和2020年显著负相关(P<0.05);苜蓿褐斑病的发病率与‘甘农4号’和‘新牧4号’的草产量在2018年和2019年显著负相关;苜蓿炭疽病的发病率与‘冲击波’的草产量在2018年和2019年显著负相关,在2020年极显著负相关;苜蓿尾孢叶斑病的发病率与‘中苜1号’和‘甘农4号’的草产量在2020年极显著负相关。综合分析表明,‘敖汉苜蓿’、‘中苜3号’、‘皇冠’、‘新牧4号’和‘甘农4号’较好,推荐在当地种植。

To determine which varieties of alfalfa with high yield and resistance to diseases are suitable to promote and plant in Cangzhou,the disease incidence of 32 alfalfa varieties was investigated in September 2018,2019,and 2020.Additionally,the grass yield was measured,the disease resistance of different varieties was evaluated,and the correlation between alfalfa yield and disease incidence was analyzed.The results showed that five main alfalfa diseases occurred in Cangzhou:Alfalfa phoma leaf spot and black stem(Phoma medicaginis),alfalfa anthracnose(Colletotrichum truncatum),alfalfa cercospora leaf spot(Cercospora medicaginis),alfalfa rust(Uromyces striatus),and alfalfa brown spot(Pseudopeziza medicaginis).The incidence of the first three diseases was higher,up to 73.22%,86.67%,and 91.67%,respectively.The results of variety resistance evaluation showed that all varieties had resistance to the diseases investigated in the field;among them,‘Aohan alfalfa’,‘Zhongmu No.3’and‘Longdong alfalfa’showed high resistance to the five diseases mentioned above.The yield of 32 alfalfa varieties ranged from 1.28~4.53 t·ha^(-1)in different years,and the varieties with the highest and lowest yields were‘Xinmu No.4’and‘Longdong alfalfa’,respectively.The correlation analysis between alfalfa yield and disease incidence showed that the incidence of alfalfa phoma leaf spot and black stem was significantly negatively correlated with the grass yield of‘Phabulous’and‘DSA01-T’in 2018,2019,and 2020(P<0.05).The incidence of alfalfa brown spot was significantly negatively correlated with the grass yield of‘Gannong No.4’and‘Xinmu No.4’in 2018 and 2019.The incidence of alfalfa anthracnose was significantly negatively correlated with the grass yield of‘Shockwave’in 2018 and 2019,and extremely significantly negatively correlated in 2020.Additionally,the incidence of alfalfa cercospora leaf spot was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the grass yield of‘Zhongmu No.1’and‘Gannong No.4’in 2020.The comprehensive analysis results showed that‘Aohan alfalfa’,‘Zhongmu No.3’,‘Phabulous’,‘Xinmu No.4’,and‘Gannong No.4’performed well and should be recommended to plant locally.