磷肥对甘肃临夏地区红豆草种子生产及土壤养分的影响

Effect of phosphate fertilizer on seed yield of Onobrychis viciaefolia and soil in Linxia,Gansu Province

为探讨磷肥对甘肃高寒雨养区红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)种子生产性能及土壤养分的影响,明确当地红豆草种子生产中的磷肥最佳用量,设置5个磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))水平(C_(1):135 kg·hm^(-2),C_(2):分2次施入90 kg·hm^(-2),C_(3):90 kg·hm^(-2),C_(4):45 kg·hm^(-2),CK:0 kg·hm^(-2)),分析不同磷肥水平下红豆草种子产量、相关性状以及土壤养分的变化。结果表明:施磷可以促进红豆草株高、单株花序数、花序荚果数和种子产量的增长,C_(1)、C_(2)、C_(3)、C_(4)处理种子产量较CK依次增加了16.18%、25.00%、17.65%和2.32%;施磷提高了土壤速效氮和速效钾含量,C_(1)、C_(2)、C_(3)、C_(4)土壤速效氮含量较CK依次增加了10.31%、11.31%、13.61%和6.53%;C_(1)速效钾含量较CK增加了5.51%;施磷还会引起土壤速效磷含量的大幅度上升,C_(1)、C_(2)、C_(3)、C_(4)较CK依次增加了356.69%、98.16%、62.60%、52.32%。研究结果表明,分枝期和现蕾期各施P_(2)O_(5)45 kg·hm^(-2)的施磷模式比较合理,种子产量较CK增加了25.00%,是适合在甘肃高寒雨养区红豆草种子生产中采取的磷肥施肥方式和用量。

To improve the seed production of Onobrychis viciaefolia in the rainfed alpine region of Gansu Province,explore the effect of phosphorus on the soil and seed production,and determine the optimal phosphorus dosage in this area,we studied the effects of different phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))levels(C_(1):135 kg·ha^(-1),C_(2):90 kg·ha^(-1)was applied in twice,C_(3):90 kg·ha^(-1),C_(4):45 kg·ha^(-1),CK:0 kg·ha^(-1))on the seed yield and seed-yield-related traits of O.viciaefolia,and on soil nutrient changes.The results showed that phosphorus application increased plant height,inflorescence number,pod number,and seed yield of O.viciaefolia.The seed yield of C_(1),C_(2),C_(3),and C_(4)increased 16.18%,25.00%,17.65%,and 2.32%compared with those of CK,respectively,the available N of C_(1),C_(2),C_(3)and C_(4)increased 10.31%,11.31%,13.61%,6.53%,the available K of C_(1)increased 5.51%.Phosphorus application increased soil available N and available K.Compared with the CK group,C_(1),C_(2),C_(3),and C_(4)dropped 8.08%,7.25%,5.33%,11.23%,and 16.67%,respectively;the available K of C_(1)increased 5.52%.Phosphate caused a substantial increase in the available P.The contents of available P in C_(1),C_(2),C_(3),and C_(4)increased 356.69%,98.16%,62.60%,and 52.32%compared with that in the CK group.In the greening and early flowering stages,P_(2)O_(5)45 kg·ha^(-1)is an ideal application for seed production in the rainfed alpine region of Gansu Province.