拉美债务危机治理中的非对称调整

Asymmetric Adjustment in Latin American Debt Crisis Governance

20世纪80年代至21世纪初期,拉丁美洲地区爆发了一场严重的债务危机。以美国和国际货币基金组织为首的治理主体,为应对拉美债务危机而采取了以结构调整为主的治理方案。但是,经过近十年的治理,结构调整计划不仅没能改善拉美债务国的问题,还在一定程度上加大了债务问题对拉美地区国家的负面影响。本文认为,拉美债务问题最终治理失败的主要原因在于治理过程中的非对称调整现象。美国等治理主体要求拉美债务国接受严格的经济结构调整,却对同样对债务问题的形成负有责任的美国商业银行采取了宽松和保护政策。最后,本文认为中国秉持的“共商共建共享”全球治理观与正确的义利观能够成为克服非对称调整问题的关键。

From the 1980’s to the early 2000’s,a severe debt crisis broke out in Latin America The governance bodies headed by the United States and the International Monetary Fund haddopted a governance plan focusing on structural adjustment in response to the crisis However,after nearly ten years of governance,the plan has failed to solve the problems of Latin American debtor countries And the worse is that it has deepened the negative impact This paper believes that the main reason for the failure lies in asymmetric adjustment in governance Governance bodies such as the United States require Latin American debtor countries to accept a strict economic structural adjustment,but they have adopted loose and protective adjustments to the American commercial banks that are also responsible for the debt problems Finally,this paper argues that China’s global governance based on consultation,contribution and shared benefits and the concept of upholding justice while pursuing shared interests can be the key to overcoming the problem of asymmetric adjustment.