跨国公司对主权国家采取经济制裁型政治行为的动机分析——以2022年俄乌冲突期间为例

Analysis on the Motives of Transnational Corporations to Adopt Economic-Sanction-Like Political Actions against Sovereign States—A Case Study on the Russia-Ukraine Conflict in 2022

在对跨国公司的政治行为动机进行分析时,一般认为追求经济利益最大化是其根本动机。在传统的经济制裁理论中,跨国公司并不被作为制裁行为的主体看待。而2022年2月俄乌冲突爆发以来,众多母国为西方国家的跨国公司通过停止业务或撤出投资等方式,对俄罗斯的对外军事行动进行抵制、干预和施压。这使跨国公司的政治行为呈现出了类似于经济制裁的新特点,而以往的理论并不能充分解释这一现象。本文结合俄乌冲突实际状况,提出跨国公司经济制裁型政治行为的可能动机主要包括三点:及时遏制经济损失,增加无形资产,维护企业经济利益;规避来自母国政府的政治风险;维护西方主导的新自由主义意识形态在全球的扩张。未来,非西方主权国家如何应对以西方为母国的跨国公司的这些新行为,将是一个迫近且现实的课题。

It is generally believed that the fundamental motive of political action of transnational corporations is the maximization of economic interests,while transnational corporations are not typically regarded as the subjects of sanctions in the traditional theory of economic sanctions However,since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in February 2022,many transnational corporations headquartered in Western countries have resisted Russia’s military actions by stopping business or withdrawing investments from Russia Thus,the political behavior of transnational corporations has taken on new characteristics similar to economic sanctions,which cannot be fully explained by existing theories Based on the actual situation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine,this paper suggests that the possible motives of the economic-sanction-like political action of the transnational corporations include:timely containment of economic losses,increase of intangible assets,and safeguarding economic interests;avoiding political risks from home governments;and maintaining the global spread of western neoliberal ideology This paper also suggests that Western-based transnational corporations will play an increasing role in international politics.