不同久坐行为水平下的社区老年人常速行走步态特征的研究

A study on gait characteristics of community elderly people at normal speed under different levels of sedentary behavior

目的:调查社区老年人久坐行为的情况并探讨不同久坐行为水平与常速行走步态特征的关系。方法:2021年10月—2022年5月便利抽取合肥市6所社区中65岁及以上的279名老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、简易精神评估量表(MMSE)、害怕跌倒评估、国际体力活动长问卷(IPAQ-L)和便携式步态分析仪进行调查,并探讨常速行走步态参数与不同久坐行为水平之间的关系。结果:279名社区老年人每日总久坐时间为(6.79±1.98)h,每日久坐时间≥6 h的老年人有193人(69.18%);高龄、未婚/丧偶/离异、存在多重服药、共病数多、害怕跌倒、认知能力差、独居现象是社区老年人久坐行为的独立危险因素;与非久坐组老年人相比,久坐组老年人的步速、步频减慢,步长及步幅减短,跨步时间延长(均P<0.05);Spearman相关分析结果显示,步速、步频、步长及步幅与久坐行为水平呈负相关,跨步时间与久坐行为水平呈正相关(均P<0.01);多元线性回归分析显示,久坐行为水平是社区老年人常速行走步态参数的独立危险因素。结论:合肥市社区老年人的久坐行为现况不容忽视,不同久坐水平下的老年人常速行走步态特征不同。久坐组老年人的步态性能较非久坐组老年人下降较为明显,应多关注具有久坐行为的社区老年人的步态参数,避免出现晚年跌倒等不良结局的发生。

Objective:To investigate the sedentary behavior of the elderly in the community and explore the relationship between different levels of sedentary behavior and gait characteristics of normal speed walking.Methods:From October 2021 to May 2022,279 elderly people aged 65 and above in 6 communities in Hefei were conveniently selected as research objects.General information questionnaire,Minimum Mental State Examination(MMSE),fear of falling assessment,International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long(IPAQ-L)and portable gait analyzer were used to investigate.The relationship between gait parameters of normal speed walking and different levels of sedentary behavior was also discussed.Results:The total daily sedentary duration of 279 elderly people were(6.79±1.98)hours,and 193 elderly people(69.18%)with sedentary time≥6 hours.Old age,unmarried/widowed/divorced,multiple medication,high number of comorbidity,fear of falling,poor cognitive ability and living alone were independent risk factors for sedentary behavior in the community elderly.Compared with the non-sedentary group,the walking speed and stride frequency of the sedentary group were slowed down,the stride length and stride were shortened,and the stride time was prolonged(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that stride speed,stride frequency,stride length and stride were negatively correlated with sedentary behavior level,and stride time was positively correlated with sedentary behavior level(all P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sedentary behavior level was an independent risk factor for gait parameters of the community elderly people at normal speed.Conclusions:The status quo of sedentary behavior of the elderly in Hefei community should not be ignored.The gait characteristics of the elderly at normal speed walking are different under different sedentary levels.The gait performance of the elderly in the sedentary group decreased significantly compared with that in the non-sedentary group.More attention should be paid to the gait parameters of the elderly in the community with sedentary behavior to avoid the occurrence of adverse outcomes such as falling in old age.