摘要
在机动车污染治理不断加强和车辆动力持续电动化的趋势和背景下,近年来,世界多国正在讨论“禁燃令”,同时更严苛的排放法规陆续出台,这甚至已经关系到传统内燃机(ICE)动力的存亡问题。然而,由于运力和行驶距离需求,内燃机将仍然是重型商用车的主要动力形式。目前,欧盟、美国加利福尼亚州空气资源委员会(CARB)和美国环境保护署(EPA)均发布了新的重型车排放法规,中国也已经启动国七排放标准的研究工作。该文从尾气排放、实际道路测试、温室气体排放、车载诊断(OBD)和远程监控、非尾气排放以及耐久要求等6个方面对比分析了目前欧美重型车和发动机下阶段排放法规的最新进展和发展趋势,阐明了各标准的具体要求,并指出了可能的技术路线,旨在为重型车和发动机行业及时应对排放标准升级和相关前瞻性研究提供借鉴。研究表明,重型车未来排放标准具有5大发展趋势:尾气排放测试向多种污染物超低排放发展,在有可能成为最终一代排放法规的情况下,下阶段排放法规需要考虑长期减排方案;更加注重车辆实际道路、低负荷、怠速和冷启动排放;加强温室气体和常规气体排放协同控制;通过远程大数据的方式实现在用车排放的高效监控;增加制动和轮胎磨损等非尾气排放的考核。总之,重型车下阶段排放标准将在排放物种类、排放测试方法及排放监控手段等方面融入新方法新理念,以不断推动重型车向清洁环保高效的目标发展。
Under the trend and background of continuous strengthening of motor vehicle pollution control and continuous electrification of vehicle power,in recent years,many countries around the world have been discussing the“no internal combustion engines”orders.Meanwhile,more stringent emission regulations have been introduced one after another,which have become a matter of life and death to the traditional internal combustion engine(ICE)power.However,ICEs will remain the main form of power for heavy commercial vehicles due to the requirement of transport capacity and driving distance.At present,the European Union,the California Air Resources Board(CARB)and the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)have all issued new heavy-duty vehicle emission regulations,and China has also started research on the National VII emission standards.This article compares and analyzes the latest developments and trends of European and American heavy-duty vehicle and engine emission regulations at the next stage from 6 aspects:exhaust emissions,actual road tests,greenhouse gas emissions,on-board diagnostics(OBD)and remote monitoring,non-exhaust emissions,and durability requirements.The specific requirements of each standard are clarified,and possible technical routes are pointed out,aiming to provide reference for the heavy-duty vehicle and engine industry to respond to emission standard upgrades and related forward-looking research in a timely manner.The research results shows that there are 5 major development trends in the future emission standards of heavy-duty vehicles:Exhaust emission testing is developing towards ultra-low emissions of multiple pollutants,and in the case that it may become the final generation of emission regulations,long-term emission reduction plans should be considered in emission regulations at the next stage;Pay more attention to vehicle on-road,low load,idle and cold start emissions;Strengthen coordinated control of greenhouse gas and conventional gas emissions;Realize efficient monitoring of in-use vehicle emissions by means of remote big data;Add the tests of nonexhaust emissions such as braking and tire wear.In short,the next stage of pollution standards for heavy-duty vehicles will incorporate new methods and concepts in terms of pollution types,emission testing methods,and emission monitoring methods,so as to continuously promote the development of heavy-duty vehicles towards the goal of clean,environmentally friendly and efficient.
作者
景晓军
任烁今
汪晓伟
李腾腾
方茂东
JING Xiaojun;REN Shuojin;WANG Xiaowei;LI Tengteng;FANG Maodong(China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《汽车安全与节能学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期133-156,共24页
Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy
关键词
重型车
测试循环
排放标准
远程监控
实际道路
温室气体
heavy-duty vehicle
test cycle
emission standard
remote monitoring
real-road
greenhouse gas