车—电动两轮车典型碰撞场景下汽车驾驶员反应差异

Difference of car driver’s reaction in a typical car-electric twowheeler collision scenario

为探究汽车驾驶员碰前行为差异和对车辆主动避撞电动两轮车事故的影响,通过在六自由度驾驶模拟器中搭建3起电动两轮车事故典型场景和3种行驶速度场景开展志愿者试验,结合非参数检验和二元逻辑回归分析方法,调查了驾驶员在不同事故场景中紧急避撞行为的差异和对事故发生的影响。结果表明:驾驶员碰前特征制动反应时间、感知时间、运动时间、制动踏板平均开度和加速踏板平均开度在不同典型场景下存在显著性差异,不同行驶速度下驾驶员的反应特征只在速度差异较大情况下出现显著性差异;其中制动反应时间、制动踏板平均开度和方向盘平均转角是影响碰撞发生的重要因素。研究结果对提高车辆自动紧急制动系统避撞电动两轮车安全性设计提供理论参考。

In order to investigate the differences in pre-crash behavior of car drivers and the effects on vehicle active collision avoidance of electric two-wheelers accidents.By building 3 typical scenarios of electric two-wheeler accidents and 3 driving speed scenarios in a six-degree-of-freedom driving simulator to conduct volunteer tests,the differences in drivers’emergency collision avoidance behaviors in different accident scenarios and their effects on accident occurrence were investigated by combining nonparametric tests and binary logistic regression analysis methods.The results showed that the driver’s pre-crash characteristics of braking reaction time,perception time,movement time,average brake pedal opening and average accelerator pedal opening were significantly different in different typical scenarios,and the driver’s reaction characteristics were significantly different in different driving speeds only in the case of large speed differences.Among them,brake reaction time,average brake pedal opening and average steering wheel angle are important factors affecting the occurrence of collision.The results of the study provide theoretical references to improve the safety design of the vehicle automatic emergency braking system for collision avoidance electric two-wheelers.