发展型社会政策:一个全球视野

Developmental Social Policy:A Global Perspective

发展型社会政策是一种强调社会政策与经济政策互相融合、互相促进的社会政策范式,是西方回应经济全球化、人口老龄化等背景下福利国家面临的危机而提出的,其思想来源多元、流派纷呈。发展中国家矫正“扭曲发展”的社会政策实践、东亚国家生产型社会政策转型及发达国家社会投资等取向的政策实践,构成该范式的三大实践路向,其核心理念经概括提炼作为一种政策范式对政策实践产生积极影响。但该范式尚未形成严密的理论体系,政策实践也千差万别,因为强调发展、忽视共享也导致贫富差距扩大。正因如此,该范式仍然是一个向更完善福利类型演进的过渡范式。我国社会政策从依附型、生产型演进到当下的发展型,既有全球发展型社会政策的共同特征,也有基于国情的中国特色。在中国式现代化新征程中,对发展型社会政策加以借鉴扬弃而形成扎实推进共同富裕的新社会政策范式,显然已是当务之急。

The developmental social policy is a social policy paradigm which emphasizes integration and mutual promoting between social policy and economic policy.It was proposed by the western countries to response crises which the welfare state faced,such as economic globalization and population aging.Its ideological sources and theoretical branches are diverse.The social policy practice for correcting"distorted development"in developing countries,the transformation of productive social policy in East Asian countries,and the social policy practice of social investment in developed countries constitute the three major practice orientations of this paradigm. Its core ideas have been summarized and refined as a policy paradigm whichbrings positive influences on policy practice. However, this paradigm has not yet formed a rigorous theoreticalsystem, its policy practices vary greatly, and it leads to a widening gap between the rich and the poor becauseof the emphasis on development and neglect of sharing. Therefore, this paradigm remains a transitionalone which towards a more perfect type of welfare. The social policy of China has evolved from dependencyparadigm to productive, and then to the current developmental, which not only has common characteristics ofdevelopmental social policy in the world, but also has distinctive characteristics based on conditions of China.In the new journey of Chinese path to modernization, it obviously becomes a task of top priority to rationallydraw lessons from developmental social policy practice of the foreign countries and China to form a socialpolicy paradigm which is conducive to make solid advances toward common prosperity.