论先秦《诗》的版本与属性变迁

A Study on the Version and Nature Changes of Poetry in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

先秦《诗》并非固定的文本,而是有着漫长的形成过程。《诗》文本可分为周王室版本与诸侯国版本,其中周王室整理、颁行的《诗》是权威的公共版本,是各诸侯国版本的共同来源。时代不同,《诗》的文本数量亦不断发生变化,周王室版本的数量应有三百五十首左右。《诗》的属性并非单一固定的,而是随着版本的不断变化,其性质走向多元。在早期的乐的记录文本和重视礼仪功能外,《诗》逐渐成为纯粹的诗歌文本。《诗》的成形是诗歌政教化的过程和结果。春秋以来,《诗》逐渐走向文本化,其辞章义开始超越乐章义。孔子正乐代表的是官方行为,而修订《诗》则是私人行为。孔子修订《诗》是《诗》的彻底文本化,使之更适合文本阅读,更适用于反思性的德教。

The Poetry of Pre-Qin is not a fixed text but has a long process of formation.The text of Poetry can be divided into two systems:the Zhou royal family’s version and the vassal states’versions.The Poetry compiled and promulgated by the Zhou royal family is the authoritative public version,which is the common source of the versions of the vassal states.In different times,the number of texts of Poetry is constantly changing,and the number of the Zhou royal family’s versions is around 350.The nature of Poetry is not fixed.As the version changes,its nature moves toward diversity.In addition to the recorded texts of the early Yue and the emphasis on etiquette function,Poetry gradually appeared to be pure poetry texts and showed dependence on artistic function.The formation of Poetry is the process and result of political indoctrination.Since the Spring and Autumn Period,Poetry has gradually become textual,and the meaning of words has begun to transcend the meaning of music.Confucius’“Zhengyue”represents an official act while the revision of Poetry is a private act.Confucius’revision is a thorough textualization of Poetry,making it more suitable for text reading and for reflective moral education.