气象灾害预警术语现状浅析与规范化建议

Analysis of the Current Situation of Meteorological Disaster Early Warning Terms and Optimization Suggestion

随着全球灾害的强度、严重性和影响不断增加,改善灾害的风险信息对于提高我们预测、预防和应对从地方到全球范围内的灾害风险的能力至关重要。缺乏对防灾全链条的标准化定义成为有效共享和使用风险信息的障碍。气象灾害预警是防灾减灾第一道防线,主要包括实时灾害性天气监测、准确及时的预警发布和传播,当前,其在社会活动、实时业务、科学研究、媒体传播中存在术语定义不一致、发展不均衡的情况,制约了气象灾害风险管理的综合发展。尤其是术语以多种方式定义会阻碍信息的共享和整合。本文首先比较国内外气象灾害预警术语标准现状,然后依据当前国际认可的多灾种早期预警的关键要素进行分类,在此基础上剖析主要问题,给出急需提升和完善的方向。

As the intensity,severity and impact of global disasters continue to increase,it is essential to improve risk information on disasters,which can help enhance the capability to predict,prevent and respond to disaster risks on a local and global scale.The lack of a standardized definition of the whole chain of disaster prevention has become an obstacle to the effective sharing and use of risk information.Meteorological disaster early warning is the first line of defense for disaster prevention and mitigation,which mainly includes real-time disastrous weather monitoring,accurate and timely early warning release and dissemination.At present,there are inconsistent definitions of terms and unbalanced development in social activities,real-time business,scientific research and media dissemination,which restrict the comprehensive development of meteorological disaster risk management.In particular,the fact that terms are defined in multiple ways can hinder the sharing and integration of information.This paper first compares the current situation of meteorological disaster early warning terminology standards at home and abroad,and then classifies them according to the key elements of the current internationally recognized multi-disaster early warning.On this basis,it analyzes the main problems and gives the suggestions for improvement.