深州蜜桃一次晚霜冻害统计分析

Statistical Analysis of Spring Late Frost in Shenzhou Peach

采用深州蜜桃种植区和邻近国家气象站气温数据,分析了2020年4月21~23日深州蜜桃幼果期晚霜冻害天气的气温特征及春季晚霜冻的多年气候与气候变化特征。结果表明:①晚霜冻害过程中,种植区最低气温连续2 d低于桃幼果冻害温度;中心地带气温最低、冻害温度维持时间最长,其次分别是林间道路旁、种植区边缘;②种植区最低气温明显低于城镇区和其他野外开阔区;③具有区域气候代表性的国家气候观象台近66 a春季最低气温<0℃终日数据表明,晚霜冻害多出现在3月下旬~4月上旬;1957~2012年,春季最低气温<0℃终日为显著提前的趋势;2013~2022年则进入终日日期剧烈波动期,极端偏晚和偏早日期频繁出现,春季晚霜冻害风险加大。

Based on the temperature data of Shenzhou peach planting area and adjacent national meteorological stations,the temperature of the late frost damage weather in the young fruit period of Shenzhou peach from April 21 to 23,2020 and the multi-year climate and climate change characteristics of the late frost in spring were analyzed.The results showed that:①During the late frost damage process,the minimum temperature in the planting area was lower than the freezing damage temperature of young peach fruit for 2 consecutive days;the lowest temperature and the longest duration of freezing injury temperature were in the central zone,followed by the roadside in the forest and the edge of the planting area;②The minimum temperature in planting area was significantly lower than that in urban area and other open areas;③The data of the minimum temperature<0℃end date in spring of the National Climate Observatory with regional climate representative in recent 66 years show that the late frost damage mostly occurs in late March to early April;from 1957 to 2012,the end date of spring minimum temperature<0℃was significantly advanced.From 2013 to 2022,the end date enters a period of violent fluctuation,with extreme late and early dates appearing frequently,and the risk of late frost damage in spring will increase.