泸州市大气污染特征和时空变化趋势分析

Analysis of Air Pollution Characteristics and Temporal and Spatial Variation Trends in Luzhou City

采用空气质量综合指数评价法对2016~2022年泸州市三区四县的SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO、O_(3)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)变化趋势进行了统计分析,结果表明:①2016~2022年连续7年,空气质量综合指数从4.77降至3.81,降幅达到20.1%,空气质量总体呈逐年好转趋势,但PM_(2.5)仍有待改善和提高;②除臭氧外,其他5项空气环境质量呈现随温度升高污染程度降低趋势,表现为空气污染指数呈冬季>春季>秋季>夏季趋势,空气质量月变化呈“V”型分布;③空间差异性表现在:工业企业比较密集、基础设施建设项目多的功能区、区县,空气环境质量较差;④各单项污染物污染负荷存在差异。其中PM_(2.5)污染负荷最大,其次为PM_(10)、臭氧,它们是导致环境空气质量综合指数超标的主要因素。建议加强建筑施工场地管控和污染物防控;控制燃油车数量、鼓励使用新能源交通工具;加强公共交通建设、提倡绿色出行;加强城乡接合部的绿化和污染物防控。

As an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,Luzhou is one of the 113 key environmental protection cities in China,and a key economic sub center city in Sichuan Province.In recent years,with rapid economic development,environmental load has increased sharply,so it is necessary to conduct a trend analysis of its atmospheric environmental quality.This paper uses the comprehensive air quality index evaluation method to statistically analyze the change trend of SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,O_(3),PM_(2.5),and PM_(10) in three districts and four counties of Luzhou City from 2016 to 2022.The results show that:①From 2016 to 2022,for seven consecutive years,the comprehensive air quality index decreased from 4.77 to 3.81,with a decrease of 20.1%.The overall air quality shows a trend of improvement year by year,but PM_(2.5) still needs to be improved;②In addition to ozone,the other five air environmental quality indicators show a downward trend in pollution levels as temperature increases,with the air pollution index showing a trend of winter>spring>autumn>summer,and the monthly variation of air quality shows a"V"distribution;③The spatial difference is manifested in the poor air environment quality in functional areas,districts and counties with relatively dense industrial enterprises and multiple infrastructure construction projects;④There are differences in the pollution loads of individual pollutants.Among them,PM_(2.5) pollution load is the largest,followed by PM_(10) and ozone,which are the main factors causing the comprehensive index of ambient air quality to exceed the standard.It is recommended to strengthen construction site control and pollutant prevention and control;the number of fuel vehicles should be controled and the use of new energy vehicles should be encouraged;public transportation construction should be strengthened and green travel should be promoted;greening and pollution prevention and control in the urban-rural fringe should be strengthened.